pythonocc-step-editor/step_model.py

from __future__ import annotations

import math
import re
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Callable, Iterable

from OCC.Core.BRep import BRep_Tool
from OCC.Core.BRepAdaptor import BRepAdaptor_Curve, BRepAdaptor_Surface
from OCC.Core.BRepAlgoAPI import BRepAlgoAPI_Cut, BRepAlgoAPI_Defeaturing, BRepAlgoAPI_Fuse
from OCC.Core.BRepBndLib import brepbndlib
from OCC.Core.BRepBuilderAPI import BRepBuilderAPI_Transform
from OCC.Core.BRepCheck import BRepCheck_Analyzer
from OCC.Core.BRepClass3d import BRepClass3d_SolidClassifier
from OCC.Core.BRepFilletAPI import BRepFilletAPI_MakeChamfer, BRepFilletAPI_MakeFillet
from OCC.Core.BRepGProp import brepgprop
from OCC.Core.BRepMesh import BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh
from OCC.Core.BRepPrimAPI import BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder, BRepPrimAPI_MakePrism
from OCC.Core.Bnd import Bnd_Box
from OCC.Core.GeomAbs import (
    GeomAbs_BSplineCurve,
    GeomAbs_BSplineSurface,
    GeomAbs_BezierCurve,
    GeomAbs_BezierSurface,
    GeomAbs_Circle,
    GeomAbs_Cone,
    GeomAbs_Cylinder,
    GeomAbs_Ellipse,
    GeomAbs_Hyperbola,
    GeomAbs_Line,
    GeomAbs_OffsetSurface,
    GeomAbs_OtherCurve,
    GeomAbs_OtherSurface,
    GeomAbs_Parabola,
    GeomAbs_Plane,
    GeomAbs_Sphere,
    GeomAbs_SurfaceOfExtrusion,
    GeomAbs_SurfaceOfRevolution,
    GeomAbs_Torus,
)
from OCC.Core.GProp import GProp_GProps
from OCC.Core.IFSelect import IFSelect_RetDone
from OCC.Core.Interface import Interface_Static
from OCC.Core.STEPCAFControl import STEPCAFControl_Reader
from OCC.Core.STEPControl import STEPControl_AsIs, STEPControl_Reader, STEPControl_Writer
from OCC.Core.ShapeFix import ShapeFix_Shape
from OCC.Core.ShapeUpgrade import ShapeUpgrade_UnifySameDomain
from OCC.Core.TDF import TDF_Label, TDF_LabelSequence
from OCC.Core.TDocStd import TDocStd_Document
from OCC.Core.TopAbs import (
    TopAbs_EDGE,
    TopAbs_EXTERNAL,
    TopAbs_FACE,
    TopAbs_FORWARD,
    TopAbs_IN,
    TopAbs_INTERNAL,
    TopAbs_OUT,
    TopAbs_REVERSED,
    TopAbs_SOLID,
)
from OCC.Core.TopExp import TopExp_Explorer, topexp
from OCC.Core.TopLoc import TopLoc_Location
from OCC.Core.TopoDS import TopoDS_Compound, TopoDS_Shape, topods
from OCC.Core.TopTools import TopTools_IndexedDataMapOfShapeListOfShape, TopTools_IndexedMapOfShape
from OCC.Core.XCAFDoc import XCAFDoc_DocumentTool
from OCC.Core.gp import gp_Ax1, gp_Ax2, gp_Dir, gp_Pnt, gp_Trsf, gp_Vec
from OCC.Extend.TopologyUtils import TopologyExplorer, discretize_edge


SURFACE_TYPES = {
    GeomAbs_Plane: "plane",
    GeomAbs_Cylinder: "cylinder",
    GeomAbs_Cone: "cone",
    GeomAbs_Sphere: "sphere",
    GeomAbs_Torus: "torus",
    GeomAbs_BezierSurface: "bezier surface",
    GeomAbs_BSplineSurface: "b-spline surface",
    GeomAbs_SurfaceOfRevolution: "surface of revolution",
    GeomAbs_SurfaceOfExtrusion: "surface of extrusion",
    GeomAbs_OffsetSurface: "offset surface",
    GeomAbs_OtherSurface: "other surface",
}

CURVE_TYPES = {
    GeomAbs_Line: "line",
    GeomAbs_Circle: "circle",
    GeomAbs_Ellipse: "ellipse",
    GeomAbs_Hyperbola: "hyperbola",
    GeomAbs_Parabola: "parabola",
    GeomAbs_BezierCurve: "bezier curve",
    GeomAbs_BSplineCurve: "b-spline curve",
    GeomAbs_OtherCurve: "other curve",
}

ORIENTATION_TYPES = {
    TopAbs_FORWARD: "forward",
    TopAbs_REVERSED: "reversed",
    TopAbs_INTERNAL: "internal",
    TopAbs_EXTERNAL: "external",
}


@dataclass
class PartNode:
    id: int
    name: str
    kind: str
    shape: TopoDS_Shape
    parent_id: int | None = None
    depth: int = 0
    path: str = ""


@dataclass
class TopologyStats:
    parts: int
    solids: int
    faces: int
    edges: int
    vertices: int


class StepModel:
    def __init__(self, filename: Path, parts: list[PartNode], shape: TopoDS_Shape):
        self.filename = filename
        self.parts = parts
        self.shape = shape
        self.faces: list[TopoDS_Shape] = []
        self.face_part_ids: list[int] = []
        self.face_solid_ids: list[int] = []
        self.edges: list[TopoDS_Shape] = []
        self.edge_part_ids: list[int] = []
        self.edge_solid_ids: list[int] = []
        self.solids: list[tuple[int, TopoDS_Shape]] = []
        self._face_info_cache: dict[int, dict[str, object]] = {}
        self._edge_info_cache: dict[int, dict[str, object]] = {}
        self._face_edge_ids_cache: dict[int, list[int]] = {}
        self._edge_face_ids_cache: dict[int, list[int]] = {}
        self.refresh_topology()

    @classmethod
    def load(cls, filename: str | Path) -> "StepModel":
        path = Path(filename)
        if not path.exists():
            raise FileNotFoundError(path)

        product_names = _parse_product_names(path)
        parts, whole_shape = _load_with_xcaf(path, product_names)
        if not parts or whole_shape.IsNull():
            whole_shape = _load_plain_step(path)
            fallback_name = product_names[0] if product_names else path.stem
            parts = [PartNode(1, fallback_name, "part", whole_shape, path=fallback_name)]
        return cls(path, parts, whole_shape)

    def display_parts(self) -> list[PartNode]:
        leaf_parts = [p for p in self.parts if p.kind == "part" and not p.shape.IsNull()]
        if leaf_parts:
            return leaf_parts
        return [p for p in self.parts if not p.shape.IsNull()]

    def stats(self) -> TopologyStats:
        topo = TopologyExplorer(self.shape, ignore_orientation=True)
        return TopologyStats(
            parts=len(self.display_parts()),
            solids=len(list(topo.solids())),
            faces=len(list(topo.faces())),
            edges=len(list(topo.edges())),
            vertices=len(list(topo.vertices())),
        )

    def part_topology_stats(self, part_id: int) -> TopologyStats:
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")
        topo = TopologyExplorer(part.shape, ignore_orientation=True)
        return TopologyStats(
            parts=1,
            solids=len(list(topo.solids())),
            faces=len(list(topo.faces())),
            edges=len(list(topo.edges())),
            vertices=len(list(topo.vertices())),
        )

    def geometry_stats(self) -> dict[str, object]:
        surface_props = GProp_GProps()
        brepgprop.SurfaceProperties(self.shape, surface_props)
        info: dict[str, object] = {
            "surface_area": surface_props.Mass(),
            "surface_center": _point_tuple(surface_props.CentreOfMass()),
        }
        info.update(_shape_bounds_info(self.shape))
        info.update(_shape_volume_info(self.shape))
        return info

    def refresh_topology(self) -> None:
        self.shape = _compound_from_shapes([p.shape for p in self.display_parts()])
        self.faces.clear()
        self.face_part_ids.clear()
        self.face_solid_ids.clear()
        self.edges.clear()
        self.edge_part_ids.clear()
        self.edge_solid_ids.clear()
        self.solids.clear()
        self._face_info_cache.clear()
        self._edge_info_cache.clear()
        self._face_edge_ids_cache.clear()
        self._edge_face_ids_cache.clear()

        solid_id = 0
        for part in self.display_parts():
            part_solids = _explore(part.shape, TopAbs_SOLID)
            part_solid_edge_maps: list[tuple[int, TopTools_IndexedDataMapOfShapeListOfShape]] = []
            part_solid_entries: list[tuple[int, TopoDS_Shape]] = []
            if part_solids:
                for solid in part_solids:
                    current_solid_id = solid_id
                    self.solids.append((part.id, solid))
                    part_solid_entries.append((current_solid_id, solid))
                    edge_map = TopTools_IndexedDataMapOfShapeListOfShape()
                    topexp.MapShapesAndAncestors(solid, TopAbs_EDGE, TopAbs_SOLID, edge_map)
                    part_solid_edge_maps.append((current_solid_id, edge_map))
                    solid_id += 1

            part_edge_map = TopTools_IndexedMapOfShape()
            topexp.MapShapes(part.shape, TopAbs_EDGE, part_edge_map)
            part_edge_ids_by_index: dict[int, int] = {}
            for local_edge_index in range(1, part_edge_map.Size() + 1):
                edge = part_edge_map.FindKey(local_edge_index)
                edge_id = len(self.edges)
                part_edge_ids_by_index[local_edge_index] = edge_id
                self.edges.append(edge)
                self.edge_part_ids.append(part.id)
                self.edge_solid_ids.append(_mapped_edge_solid_id(edge, part_solid_edge_maps))
                self._edge_face_ids_cache[edge_id] = []

            if part_solids:
                for current_solid_id, solid in part_solid_entries:
                    for face in _explore(solid, TopAbs_FACE):
                        face_id = len(self.faces)
                        self.faces.append(face)
                        self.face_part_ids.append(part.id)
                        self.face_solid_ids.append(current_solid_id)
                        self._cache_face_edge_links(face_id, face, part_edge_map, part_edge_ids_by_index)
            else:
                for face in _explore(part.shape, TopAbs_FACE):
                    face_id = len(self.faces)
                    self.faces.append(face)
                    self.face_part_ids.append(part.id)
                    self.face_solid_ids.append(-1)
                    self._cache_face_edge_links(face_id, face, part_edge_map, part_edge_ids_by_index)

    def _cache_face_edge_links(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        face: TopoDS_Shape,
        part_edge_map: TopTools_IndexedMapOfShape,
        part_edge_ids_by_index: dict[int, int],
    ) -> None:
        face_edge_ids: list[int] = []
        face_edge_map = TopTools_IndexedMapOfShape()
        topexp.MapShapes(face, TopAbs_EDGE, face_edge_map)
        for local_face_edge_index in range(1, face_edge_map.Size() + 1):
            local_part_edge_index = part_edge_map.FindIndex(face_edge_map.FindKey(local_face_edge_index))
            edge_id = part_edge_ids_by_index.get(local_part_edge_index)
            if edge_id is None:
                continue
            face_edge_ids.append(edge_id)
            self._edge_face_ids_cache.setdefault(edge_id, []).append(face_id)
        self._face_edge_ids_cache[face_id] = face_edge_ids

    def part_by_id(self, part_id: int) -> PartNode | None:
        return next((p for p in self.parts if p.id == part_id), None)

    def snapshot(self) -> dict[int, TopoDS_Shape]:
        return {part.id: part.shape for part in self.parts}

    def restore_snapshot(self, snapshot: dict[int, TopoDS_Shape]) -> None:
        for part in self.parts:
            if part.id in snapshot:
                part.shape = snapshot[part.id]
        self.refresh_topology()

    def face_info(self, face_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
        if face_id in self._face_info_cache:
            return dict(self._face_info_cache[face_id])
        face = self.faces[face_id]
        props = GProp_GProps()
        brepgprop.SurfaceProperties(face, props)

        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        surface_type = surf.GetType()
        boundary_edges = len(list(TopologyExplorer(face, ignore_orientation=True).edges()))
        info: dict[str, object] = {
            "kind": "face",
            "face_id": face_id,
            "part_id": self.face_part_ids[face_id],
            "solid_id": self.face_solid_ids[face_id],
            "orientation": _orientation_name(face.Orientation()),
            "surface": SURFACE_TYPES.get(surface_type, f"type {surface_type}"),
            "area": props.Mass(),
            "area_center": _point_tuple(props.CentreOfMass()),
            "u_range": (surf.FirstUParameter(), surf.LastUParameter()),
            "v_range": (surf.FirstVParameter(), surf.LastVParameter()),
            "boundary_edges": boundary_edges,
        }
        info.update(_shape_bounds_info(face))
        if surface_type == GeomAbs_Plane:
            plane = surf.Plane()
            direction = plane.Axis().Direction()
            push_pull_direction = self._plane_push_pull_direction(face_id, surf)
            info["plane_origin"] = _point_tuple(plane.Location())
            info["normal"] = _dir_tuple(direction)
            info["oriented_normal"] = _oriented_dir_tuple(direction, face)
            info["push_pull_outward_direction"] = push_pull_direction["outward_direction"]
            info["push_pull_inward_direction"] = push_pull_direction["inward_direction"]
            info["push_pull_plus_side"] = push_pull_direction["plus_side_state"]
            info["push_pull_minus_side"] = push_pull_direction["minus_side_state"]
            info["push_pull_confidence"] = push_pull_direction["confidence"]
            info["push_pull_note"] = push_pull_direction["note"]
        elif surface_type == GeomAbs_Cylinder:
            cyl = surf.Cylinder()
            axis = cyl.Axis()
            radius = cyl.Radius()
            u_span = abs(surf.LastUParameter() - surf.FirstUParameter())
            swept_area = max(radius * max(u_span, 1e-9), 1e-9)
            classification = self._classify_cylindrical_face(face_id, surf, detailed=True)
            info["radius"] = cyl.Radius()
            info["diameter"] = cyl.Radius() * 2.0
            info["axis_point"] = _point_tuple(axis.Location())
            info["axis"] = _dir_tuple(axis.Direction())
            info["angular_span"] = u_span
            info["is_full_cylinder"] = u_span >= math.tau * 0.98
            info["height_estimate"] = props.Mass() / swept_area
            info["feature_guess"] = classification["feature_guess"]
            info["confidence"] = classification["confidence"]
            info["material_toward_axis"] = classification["toward_axis"]
            info["material_away_axis"] = classification["away_axis"]
            info["material_vote_summary"] = classification["vote_summary"]
            info["material_sample_count"] = classification["sample_count"]
            info["note"] = classification["note"]
            info.update(self._cylinder_end_opening_info(face_id, surf))
            info.update(_cylinder_resize_readiness(info))
            info.update(_cylinder_boss_resize_readiness(info))
            info.update(_cylinder_depth_readiness(info))
            info.update(_cylinder_suppress_readiness(info))
        elif surface_type == GeomAbs_Cone:
            cone = surf.Cone()
            info["axis_point"] = _point_tuple(cone.Location())
            info["axis"] = _dir_tuple(cone.Axis().Direction())
            info["reference_radius"] = cone.RefRadius()
            info["semi_angle"] = cone.SemiAngle()
        elif surface_type == GeomAbs_Sphere:
            sphere = surf.Sphere()
            info["center"] = _point_tuple(sphere.Location())
            info["radius"] = sphere.Radius()
            info["diameter"] = sphere.Radius() * 2.0
        elif surface_type == GeomAbs_Torus:
            torus = surf.Torus()
            info["center"] = _point_tuple(torus.Location())
            info["axis"] = _dir_tuple(torus.Axis().Direction())
            info["major_radius"] = torus.MajorRadius()
            info["minor_radius"] = torus.MinorRadius()
        self._face_info_cache[face_id] = dict(info)
        return dict(info)

    def feature_info(self, face_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown face id {face_id}")
        info = self.face_info(face_id)
        surface = str(info.get("surface", ""))
        if surface == "cylinder":
            return self._cylindrical_feature_info(face_id, info)
        if surface == "plane":
            return self._planar_feature_info(face_id, info)
        boundary_edge_ids = self._face_boundary_edge_ids(face_id)
        result = dict(info)
        result.update(
            {
                "kind": "feature",
                "feature_type": "暂不支持的局部曲面候选",
                "feature_source_face_id": face_id,
                "feature_face_ids": (face_id,),
                "feature_highlight_face_ids": (face_id,),
                "feature_boundary_edge_ids": tuple(boundary_edge_ids),
                "feature_edit_actions": "当前第一版只能查看该局部曲面，暂不支持直接编辑。",
                "feature_mode": "Feature 模式会把选中的 face 解释为局部几何特征候选。",
            }
        )
        return result

    def _planar_feature_info(self, face_id: int, info: dict[str, object]) -> dict[str, object]:
        coplanar_face_ids = self._connected_coplanar_planar_face_ids(face_id)
        boundary_edge_ids = self._region_boundary_edge_ids(coplanar_face_ids)
        if len(coplanar_face_ids) > 1:
            scope_note = f"已检测到 {len(coplanar_face_ids)} 个共享边且共面的 face，推拉时会作为同一片平面区域处理。"
        else:
            scope_note = "当前 face 没有检测到可一起推拉的共享边共面邻居。"
        result = dict(info)
        result.update(
            {
                "kind": "feature",
                "feature_type": "可推拉平面候选",
                "feature_source_face_id": face_id,
                "feature_face_ids": tuple(coplanar_face_ids),
                "feature_highlight_face_ids": tuple(coplanar_face_ids),
                "feature_boundary_edge_ids": tuple(boundary_edge_ids),
                "feature_adjacent_face_ids": tuple(
                    sorted(set(self._adjacent_face_ids_for_edges(boundary_edge_ids, face_id)) - set(coplanar_face_ids))
                ),
                "push_pull_scope_face_ids": tuple(coplanar_face_ids),
                "push_pull_scope_face_count": len(coplanar_face_ids),
                "push_pull_scope_note": scope_note,
                "feature_edit_actions": "推拉平面",
                "feature_mode": "这是从 B-Rep 几何推断出的平面编辑候选，不是 CAD 历史特征。",
            }
        )
        return result

    def _cylindrical_feature_info(self, face_id: int, info: dict[str, object]) -> dict[str, object]:
        boundary_edge_ids = self._face_boundary_edge_ids(face_id)
        adjacent_face_ids = self._adjacent_face_ids_for_edges(boundary_edge_ids, face_id)
        end_faces = self._cylindrical_end_face_groups(face_id, adjacent_face_ids, info)
        end_face_ids = end_faces["end_face_ids"]
        bottom_face_ids = end_faces["bottom_face_ids"]
        opening_face_ids = end_faces["opening_face_ids"]
        slot_info = self._cylindrical_slot_info(face_id, adjacent_face_ids, end_face_ids, info)
        fillet_info = self._cylindrical_existing_fillet_info(face_id, adjacent_face_ids, end_face_ids, info)

        guess = str(info.get("feature_guess", "cylindrical face"))
        angular_span = float(info.get("angular_span", 0.0))
        if guess == "hole/groove candidate":
            if angular_span < math.tau * 0.92:
                feature_type = "槽/半孔候选"
            else:
                feature_type = "圆柱孔候选"
            if info.get("cylinder_end_type") == "blind" and bottom_face_ids:
                edit_actions = "调整圆柱孔径；调整盲孔深度"
            else:
                edit_actions = "调整圆柱孔径；孔深调整需要明确盲孔底面"
            if angular_span >= math.tau * 0.92:
                edit_actions += "；封堵圆柱孔"
        elif guess == "round/fillet candidate":
            feature_type = "圆角/倒圆候选"
            edit_actions = "当前可识别已有圆角半径和相邻支撑面；已有圆角半径修改尚未实现。"
        elif guess == "boss/outer-round candidate":
            feature_type = "凸台/外圆候选"
            edit_actions = "调整圆柱凸台直径。"
        else:
            feature_type = "未明确圆柱特征"
            edit_actions = "可尝试调整圆柱孔径，但风险较高。"

        highlight_face_ids = tuple(
            sorted(
                {
                    face_id,
                    *end_face_ids,
                    *slot_info.get("feature_slot_boundary_face_ids", ()),
                    *fillet_info.get("feature_existing_fillet_support_face_ids", ()),
                }
            )
        )
        result = dict(info)
        result.update(
            {
                "kind": "feature",
                "feature_type": feature_type,
                "feature_source_face_id": face_id,
                "feature_face_ids": (face_id,),
                "feature_side_face_ids": (face_id,),
                "feature_end_face_ids": tuple(end_face_ids),
                "feature_bottom_face_ids": tuple(bottom_face_ids),
                "feature_opening_face_ids": tuple(opening_face_ids),
                "feature_highlight_face_ids": highlight_face_ids,
                "feature_boundary_edge_ids": tuple(boundary_edge_ids),
                "feature_adjacent_face_ids": tuple(adjacent_face_ids),
                "feature_start_end_face_ids": tuple(end_faces["start_end_face_ids"]),
                "feature_end_end_face_ids": tuple(end_faces["end_end_face_ids"]),
                "feature_bottom_confidence": end_faces["bottom_confidence"],
                "feature_bottom_detection": end_faces["bottom_detection"],
                "feature_bottom_note": end_faces["bottom_note"],
                "feature_edit_actions": edit_actions,
                "feature_mode": "这是从 B-Rep 圆柱面、相邻面和材料采样推断出的局部特征候选。",
                **slot_info,
                **fillet_info,
            }
        )
        return result

    def _cylindrical_slot_info(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        adjacent_face_ids: list[int],
        end_face_ids: Iterable[int],
        info: dict[str, object],
    ) -> dict[str, object]:
        guess = str(info.get("feature_guess", "cylindrical face"))
        angular_span = float(info.get("angular_span", 0.0))
        if guess != "hole/groove candidate" or angular_span >= math.tau * 0.92:
            return {}

        radius = max(float(info.get("radius", 0.0)), 0.0)
        span = min(max(angular_span, 0.0), math.tau)
        boundary_face_ids = sorted(set(adjacent_face_ids) - set(end_face_ids))
        chord_width = 2.0 * radius * math.sin(span / 2.0) if radius > 0 else 0.0
        sagitta_depth = radius * (1.0 - math.cos(min(span, math.pi) / 2.0)) if radius > 0 else 0.0
        return {
            "slot_kind": "partial-cylindrical-groove",
            "slot_status": "candidate",
            "slot_angular_span": angular_span,
            "slot_open_angle": max(math.tau - span, 0.0),
            "slot_chord_width_estimate": chord_width,
            "slot_arc_length_estimate": radius * span,
            "slot_sagitta_depth_estimate": sagitta_depth,
            "feature_slot_face_ids": (face_id,),
            "feature_slot_boundary_face_ids": tuple(boundary_face_ids),
            "slot_note": (
                "这是由局部圆柱面推断出的槽/半孔候选；宽度和深度是几何估算，"
                "不是 CAD 历史里的参数。"
            ),
        }

    def _cylindrical_existing_fillet_info(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        adjacent_face_ids: list[int],
        end_face_ids: Iterable[int],
        info: dict[str, object],
    ) -> dict[str, object]:
        if str(info.get("feature_guess", "cylindrical face")) != "round/fillet candidate":
            return {}

        radius = max(float(info.get("radius", 0.0)), 0.0)
        angular_span = min(max(float(info.get("angular_span", 0.0)), 0.0), math.tau)
        support_face_ids = sorted(set(adjacent_face_ids) - set(end_face_ids))
        return {
            "existing_fillet_kind": "cylindrical-round-face",
            "existing_fillet_status": "candidate",
            "existing_fillet_radius_estimate": radius,
            "existing_fillet_angular_span": angular_span,
            "existing_fillet_arc_length_estimate": radius * angular_span,
            "feature_existing_fillet_face_ids": (face_id,),
            "feature_existing_fillet_support_face_ids": tuple(support_face_ids),
            "existing_fillet_note": (
                "这是由局部小半径圆柱面推断出的已有圆角/倒圆候选；"
                "第一版可尝试使用 defeature + 重新倒圆修改半径；"
                "复杂 blend 或支撑面不明确时可能失败并回滚。"
            ),
        }

    def _cylindrical_end_face_groups(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        adjacent_face_ids: list[int],
        info: dict[str, object],
    ) -> dict[str, object]:
        axis_point_values = info.get("axis_point")
        axis_values = info.get("axis")
        v_range = info.get("v_range")
        if not isinstance(axis_point_values, tuple) or not isinstance(axis_values, tuple) or not isinstance(v_range, tuple):
            return {
                "end_face_ids": [],
                "start_end_face_ids": [],
                "end_end_face_ids": [],
                "bottom_face_ids": [],
                "opening_face_ids": [],
                "bottom_note": "缺少圆柱轴线或参数范围，无法判断端面/底面。",
            }

        axis_point = gp_Pnt(*axis_point_values)
        axis_dir = gp_Dir(float(axis_values[0]), float(axis_values[1]), float(axis_values[2]))
        v_min = min(float(v_range[0]), float(v_range[1]))
        v_max = max(float(v_range[0]), float(v_range[1]))
        span = max(v_max - v_min, 1e-9)
        radius = float(info.get("radius", 0.0))
        tolerance = max(span * 0.08, radius * 0.2, 0.05)

        start_end_face_ids: list[int] = []
        end_end_face_ids: list[int] = []
        for adjacent_id in adjacent_face_ids:
            match = self._axis_end_match_for_planar_face(
                adjacent_id,
                axis_point,
                axis_dir,
                v_min,
                v_max,
                tolerance,
                radial_tolerance=None,
            )
            if match == "start":
                start_end_face_ids.append(adjacent_id)
            elif match == "end":
                end_end_face_ids.append(adjacent_id)

        if info.get("cylinder_end_type") == "blind" and (not start_end_face_ids or not end_end_face_ids):
            scanned = self._axis_cap_face_candidates(
                face_id,
                axis_point,
                axis_dir,
                v_min,
                v_max,
                radius,
                span,
                set(adjacent_face_ids),
            )
            if not start_end_face_ids:
                start_end_face_ids.extend(scanned["start"])
            if not end_end_face_ids:
                end_end_face_ids.extend(scanned["end"])

        bottom_face_ids: list[int] = []
        opening_face_ids: list[int] = []
        if info.get("start_end_open") is True:
            opening_face_ids.extend(start_end_face_ids)
        elif info.get("start_end_state") == "inside":
            bottom_face_ids.extend(start_end_face_ids)
        if info.get("end_end_open") is True:
            opening_face_ids.extend(end_end_face_ids)
        elif info.get("end_end_state") == "inside":
            bottom_face_ids.extend(end_end_face_ids)

        end_face_ids = sorted({*start_end_face_ids, *end_end_face_ids})
        bottom_face_ids = sorted(set(bottom_face_ids))
        opening_face_ids = sorted(set(opening_face_ids))
        bottom_detection = "axis-cap-scan" if any(
            face_id not in adjacent_face_ids for face_id in bottom_face_ids
        ) else "adjacent-end-face"
        bottom_confidence = "medium" if bottom_detection == "axis-cap-scan" else "high"
        if not end_face_ids:
            note = "没有在圆柱边界附近找到平面端面。"
        elif bottom_face_ids:
            if bottom_detection == "axis-cap-scan":
                note = "已通过轴线端部采样和轴线附近圆盘面扫描标记疑似底面；这是几何推断，不是 CAD 历史孔深。"
            else:
                note = "已根据圆柱轴线端部 inside/outside 采样标记疑似底面；这是几何推断，不是 CAD 历史孔深。"
        else:
            note = "已找到端面候选，但端部采样显示这些端面更像开口附近的相邻面。"
        return {
            "end_face_ids": end_face_ids,
            "start_end_face_ids": sorted(set(start_end_face_ids)),
            "end_end_face_ids": sorted(set(end_end_face_ids)),
            "bottom_face_ids": bottom_face_ids,
            "opening_face_ids": opening_face_ids,
            "bottom_confidence": bottom_confidence if bottom_face_ids else "none",
            "bottom_detection": bottom_detection if bottom_face_ids else "none",
            "bottom_note": note,
        }

    def _axis_end_match_for_planar_face(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        axis_point: gp_Pnt,
        axis_dir: gp_Dir,
        v_min: float,
        v_max: float,
        tolerance: float,
        radial_tolerance: float | None,
    ) -> str | None:
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(self.faces[face_id])
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Plane:
            return None
        normal = surf.Plane().Axis().Direction()
        if abs(_direction_dot(normal, axis_dir)) < 0.65:
            return None
        if radial_tolerance is not None:
            center = _surface_center(self.faces[face_id])
            if _point_axis_distance(axis_point, axis_dir, center) > radial_tolerance:
                return None
        parameters = _shape_axis_parameters(self.faces[face_id], axis_point, axis_dir)
        if not parameters:
            return None
        start_distance = min(abs(parameter - v_min) for parameter in parameters)
        end_distance = min(abs(parameter - v_max) for parameter in parameters)
        if min(start_distance, end_distance) > tolerance:
            return None
        return "start" if start_distance <= end_distance else "end"

    def _axis_cap_face_candidates(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        axis_point: gp_Pnt,
        axis_dir: gp_Dir,
        v_min: float,
        v_max: float,
        radius: float,
        span: float,
        adjacent_face_ids: set[int],
    ) -> dict[str, list[int]]:
        source_solid_id = self.face_solid_ids[face_id]
        tolerance = max(span * 0.12, radius * 0.35, 0.08)
        radial_tolerance = max(radius * 1.2, tolerance)
        start: list[int] = []
        end: list[int] = []
        for candidate_id in range(len(self.faces)):
            if candidate_id == face_id or candidate_id in adjacent_face_ids:
                continue
            if source_solid_id >= 0 and self.face_solid_ids[candidate_id] != source_solid_id:
                continue
            match = self._axis_end_match_for_planar_face(
                candidate_id,
                axis_point,
                axis_dir,
                v_min,
                v_max,
                tolerance,
                radial_tolerance=radial_tolerance,
            )
            if match == "start":
                start.append(candidate_id)
            elif match == "end":
                end.append(candidate_id)
        return {"start": sorted(set(start)), "end": sorted(set(end))}

    def _bottom_face_axis_parameter(
        self,
        bottom_face_ids: Iterable[int],
        axis_point: gp_Pnt,
        axis_dir: gp_Dir,
        expected_parameter: float,
    ) -> float | None:
        candidates: list[float] = []
        for bottom_face_id in bottom_face_ids:
            if bottom_face_id < 0 or bottom_face_id >= len(self.faces):
                continue
            parameters = _shape_axis_parameters(self.faces[bottom_face_id], axis_point, axis_dir)
            if not parameters:
                continue
            candidates.append(sum(parameters) / len(parameters))
        if not candidates:
            return None
        return min(candidates, key=lambda parameter: abs(parameter - expected_parameter))

    def _face_boundary_edge_ids(self, face_id: int) -> list[int]:
        if face_id in self._face_edge_ids_cache:
            return list(self._face_edge_ids_cache[face_id])
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            return []
        face_edges = list(TopologyExplorer(self.faces[face_id], ignore_orientation=True).edges())
        edge_ids: list[int] = []
        for edge_id, edge in enumerate(self.edges):
            if any(_same_shape(edge, face_edge) for face_edge in face_edges):
                edge_ids.append(edge_id)
        self._face_edge_ids_cache[face_id] = list(edge_ids)
        return edge_ids

    def face_boundary_edge_ids(self, face_id: int) -> list[int]:
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            return []
        return self._face_boundary_edge_ids(face_id)

    def nearest_edge_id_to_point(
        self,
        edge_ids: Iterable[int],
        point: tuple[float, float, float] | None,
    ) -> int | None:
        valid_edge_ids = [int(edge_id) for edge_id in edge_ids if 0 <= int(edge_id) < len(self.edges)]
        if not valid_edge_ids:
            return None
        if point is None:
            return valid_edge_ids[0]

        px, py, pz = (float(point[0]), float(point[1]), float(point[2]))
        best_edge_id: int | None = None
        best_distance = math.inf
        for edge_id in valid_edge_ids:
            try:
                samples = discretize_edge(self.edges[edge_id], 0.35)
            except Exception:
                samples = []
            if len(samples) < 2:
                try:
                    curve = BRepAdaptor_Curve(self.edges[edge_id])
                    samples = [
                        _point_tuple(curve.Value(curve.FirstParameter())),
                        _point_tuple(curve.Value(curve.LastParameter())),
                    ]
                except Exception:
                    samples = []
            if not samples:
                continue
            sample_points = [(float(coords[0]), float(coords[1]), float(coords[2])) for coords in samples]
            if len(sample_points) == 1:
                distance = _point_distance_sq((px, py, pz), sample_points[0])
            else:
                distance = min(
                    _point_segment_distance_sq((px, py, pz), start, end)
                    for start, end in zip(sample_points, sample_points[1:])
                )
            if distance < best_distance:
                best_distance = distance
                best_edge_id = edge_id
        return best_edge_id if best_edge_id is not None else valid_edge_ids[0]

    def _adjacent_face_ids_for_edges(self, edge_ids: list[int], face_id: int) -> list[int]:
        if not edge_ids:
            return []
        target_edges = [self.edges[edge_id] for edge_id in edge_ids if 0 <= edge_id < len(self.edges)]
        source_solid_id = self.face_solid_ids[face_id]
        adjacent: list[int] = []
        for candidate_id, candidate in enumerate(self.faces):
            if candidate_id == face_id:
                continue
            if source_solid_id >= 0 and self.face_solid_ids[candidate_id] != source_solid_id:
                continue
            candidate_edges = TopologyExplorer(candidate, ignore_orientation=True).edges()
            if any(_same_shape(candidate_edge, target_edge) for candidate_edge in candidate_edges for target_edge in target_edges):
                adjacent.append(candidate_id)
        return adjacent

    def _connected_coplanar_planar_face_ids(self, face_id: int) -> list[int]:
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            return []
        source_surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(self.faces[face_id])
        if source_surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Plane:
            return [face_id]

        source_solid_id = self.face_solid_ids[face_id]
        tolerance = min(max(_shape_diagonal(self.shape) * 1e-7, 1e-6), 1e-3)
        visited = {face_id}
        queue = [face_id]
        while queue:
            current_id = queue.pop(0)
            for adjacent_id in self._adjacent_face_ids_for_edges(self._face_boundary_edge_ids(current_id), current_id):
                if adjacent_id in visited:
                    continue
                if source_solid_id >= 0 and self.face_solid_ids[adjacent_id] != source_solid_id:
                    continue
                candidate_surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(self.faces[adjacent_id])
                if _surfaces_are_coplanar(source_surf, candidate_surf, tolerance):
                    visited.add(adjacent_id)
                    queue.append(adjacent_id)
        return sorted(visited)

    def _region_boundary_edge_ids(self, face_ids: Iterable[int]) -> list[int]:
        counts: dict[int, int] = {}
        for face_id in face_ids:
            for edge_id in self._face_boundary_edge_ids(face_id):
                counts[edge_id] = counts.get(edge_id, 0) + 1
        return sorted(edge_id for edge_id, count in counts.items() if count == 1)

    def _push_pull_profile_shape(self, face_ids: Iterable[int]) -> TopoDS_Shape:
        profile_faces = [self.faces[face_id] for face_id in face_ids if 0 <= face_id < len(self.faces)]
        if not profile_faces:
            raise ValueError("No planar faces were found for push/pull.")
        return _unify_same_domain_shape(_compound_from_shapes(profile_faces))

    def edge_info(self, edge_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
        if edge_id in self._edge_info_cache:
            return dict(self._edge_info_cache[edge_id])
        edge = self.edges[edge_id]
        props = GProp_GProps()
        brepgprop.LinearProperties(edge, props)

        curve = BRepAdaptor_Curve(edge)
        curve_type = curve.GetType()
        info: dict[str, object] = {
            "kind": "edge",
            "edge_id": edge_id,
            "part_id": self.edge_part_ids[edge_id],
            "solid_id": self._edge_solid_id(edge_id),
            "orientation": _orientation_name(edge.Orientation()),
            "curve": CURVE_TYPES.get(curve_type, f"type {curve_type}"),
            "length": props.Mass(),
            "length_center": _point_tuple(props.CentreOfMass()),
            "first_parameter": curve.FirstParameter(),
            "last_parameter": curve.LastParameter(),
            "start_point": _point_tuple(curve.Value(curve.FirstParameter())),
            "end_point": _point_tuple(curve.Value(curve.LastParameter())),
        }
        info.update(_shape_bounds_info(edge))
        if curve_type == GeomAbs_Line:
            line = curve.Line()
            info["line_origin"] = _point_tuple(line.Location())
            info["direction"] = _dir_tuple(line.Direction())
        if curve_type == GeomAbs_Circle:
            circle = curve.Circle()
            info["center"] = _point_tuple(circle.Location())
            info["axis"] = _dir_tuple(circle.Axis().Direction())
            info["radius"] = circle.Radius()
            info["diameter"] = circle.Radius() * 2.0
        adjacent_face_ids = self._edge_adjacent_face_ids(edge_id)
        info["adjacent_face_ids"] = tuple(adjacent_face_ids)
        info["adjacent_face_count"] = len(adjacent_face_ids)
        self._edge_info_cache[edge_id] = dict(info)
        return dict(info)

    def _edge_solid_id(self, edge_id: int) -> int:
        if edge_id < 0 or edge_id >= len(self.edges):
            return -1
        return self.edge_solid_ids[edge_id] if edge_id < len(self.edge_solid_ids) else -1

    def edge_ids_for_solid(self, solid_id: int) -> list[int]:
        if solid_id < 0 or solid_id >= len(self.solids):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown solid id {solid_id}")
        return [edge_id for edge_id in range(len(self.edges)) if self._edge_solid_id(edge_id) == solid_id]

    def _edge_adjacent_face_ids(self, edge_id: int) -> list[int]:
        if edge_id < 0 or edge_id >= len(self.edges):
            return []
        if edge_id in self._edge_face_ids_cache:
            return list(self._edge_face_ids_cache[edge_id])
        edge = self.edges[edge_id]
        part_id = self.edge_part_ids[edge_id]
        solid_id = self._edge_solid_id(edge_id)
        adjacent: list[int] = []
        for face_id, face in enumerate(self.faces):
            if self.face_part_ids[face_id] != part_id:
                continue
            if solid_id >= 0 and self.face_solid_ids[face_id] != solid_id:
                continue
            if any(_same_shape(candidate, edge) for candidate in TopologyExplorer(face, ignore_orientation=True).edges()):
                adjacent.append(face_id)
        return adjacent

    def solid_info(self, solid_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
        if solid_id < 0 or solid_id >= len(self.solids):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown solid id {solid_id}")
        part_id, solid = self.solids[solid_id]
        topo = TopologyExplorer(solid, ignore_orientation=True)
        surface_props = GProp_GProps()
        brepgprop.SurfaceProperties(solid, surface_props)
        info: dict[str, object] = {
            "kind": "solid",
            "solid_id": solid_id,
            "part_id": part_id,
            "faces": len(list(topo.faces())),
            "edges": len(list(topo.edges())),
            "vertices": len(list(topo.vertices())),
            "surface_area": surface_props.Mass(),
            "surface_center": _point_tuple(surface_props.CentreOfMass()),
        }
        info.update(_shape_bounds_info(solid))
        info.update(_shape_volume_info(solid))
        return info

    def part_info(self, part_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")
        topo = TopologyExplorer(part.shape, ignore_orientation=True)
        info: dict[str, object] = {
            "kind": part.kind,
            "part_id": part.id,
            "name": part.name,
            "path": part.path,
            "parent_id": part.parent_id if part.parent_id is not None else "",
            "depth": part.depth,
            "solids": len(list(topo.solids())),
            "faces": len(list(topo.faces())),
            "edges": len(list(topo.edges())),
            "vertices": len(list(topo.vertices())),
        }
        info.update(_shape_bounds_info(part.shape))
        info.update(_shape_volume_info(part.shape))
        return info

    def editable_feature_candidates(
        self,
        limit: int = 160,
        detailed: bool = False,
        progress_callback: Callable[[], None] | None = None,
    ) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
        per_type_limit = max(1, limit // 5)
        candidates: list[dict[str, object]] = []

        diameter_count = 0
        boss_diameter_count = 0
        depth_count = 0
        suppress_count = 0
        existing_fillet_count = 0
        depth_limit = max(2, min(per_type_limit, limit // 12))
        suppress_limit = max(2, min(per_type_limit, limit // 12))
        existing_fillet_limit = max(2, min(per_type_limit, limit // 12))
        cylinder_scan_limit = max(per_type_limit * 4, 24)
        for item in self.cylindrical_feature_candidates(
            limit=cylinder_scan_limit,
            include_end_info=True,
            progress_callback=progress_callback,
        ):
            feature_guess = str(item["feature_guess"])
            if existing_fillet_count < existing_fillet_limit and feature_guess == "round/fillet candidate":
                feature = self.feature_info(int(item["face_id"]))
                support_face_ids = tuple(feature.get("feature_existing_fillet_support_face_ids", ()))
                support_note = (
                    f"支撑 Face: {support_face_ids}。"
                    if support_face_ids
                    else "暂未识别出稳定支撑 Face。"
                )
                candidates.append(
                    {
                        "operation_key": "inspect_existing_fillet",
                        "operation": "修改已有圆角半径",
                        "target_kind": "face",
                        "target_id": item["face_id"],
                        "face_id": item["face_id"],
                        "part_id": item["part_id"],
                        "solid_id": item["solid_id"],
                        "surface": "cylinder",
                        "feature_guess": feature_guess,
                        "current_value": feature.get("existing_fillet_radius_estimate", item["radius"]),
                        "current_value_label": "radius",
                        "status": "caution",
                        "risk": "medium" if len(support_face_ids) >= 2 else "high",
                        "confidence": item["confidence"],
                        "note": (
                            "这是已有圆角/倒圆候选；点击后会选中并预填目标半径，"
                            "再点击“修改已有圆角半径”会尝试 defeature 后重新倒圆。"
                            f" {support_note}"
                        ),
                    }
                )
                existing_fillet_count += 1

            if diameter_count < per_type_limit and feature_guess != "round/fillet candidate":
                candidates.append(
                    {
                        "operation_key": "resize_cylinder",
                        "operation": "调整圆柱孔径",
                        "target_kind": "face",
                        "target_id": item["face_id"],
                        "face_id": item["face_id"],
                        "part_id": item["part_id"],
                        "solid_id": item["solid_id"],
                        "surface": "cylinder",
                        "feature_guess": feature_guess,
                        "current_value": item["diameter"],
                        "current_value_label": "diameter",
                        "status": item["resize_status"],
                        "risk": item["resize_risk"],
                        "confidence": item["confidence"],
                        "note": item["resize_note"],
                    }
                )
                diameter_count += 1
            boss_info = _cylinder_boss_resize_readiness(item)
            if boss_diameter_count < per_type_limit and boss_info["boss_resize_status"] != "blocked":
                candidates.append(
                    {
                        "operation_key": "resize_boss",
                        "operation": "调整圆柱凸台直径",
                        "target_kind": "face",
                        "target_id": item["face_id"],
                        "face_id": item["face_id"],
                        "part_id": item["part_id"],
                        "solid_id": item["solid_id"],
                        "surface": "cylinder",
                        "feature_guess": item["feature_guess"],
                        "current_value": item["diameter"],
                        "current_value_label": "diameter",
                        "status": boss_info["boss_resize_status"],
                        "risk": boss_info["boss_resize_risk"],
                        "confidence": item["confidence"],
                        "note": boss_info["boss_resize_note"],
                    }
                )
                boss_diameter_count += 1
            suppress_info = _cylinder_suppress_readiness(item)
            if suppress_count < suppress_limit and suppress_info["suppress_status"] != "blocked":
                candidates.append(
                    {
                        "operation_key": "suppress_cylinder",
                        "operation": "封堵圆柱孔",
                        "target_kind": "face",
                        "target_id": item["face_id"],
                        "face_id": item["face_id"],
                        "part_id": item["part_id"],
                        "solid_id": item["solid_id"],
                        "surface": "cylinder",
                        "feature_guess": item["feature_guess"],
                        "current_value": item["diameter"],
                        "current_value_label": "diameter",
                        "status": suppress_info["suppress_status"],
                        "risk": suppress_info["suppress_risk"],
                        "confidence": item["confidence"],
                        "note": suppress_info["suppress_note"],
                    }
                )
                suppress_count += 1
            depth_info = _cylinder_depth_readiness(item)
            if depth_count < depth_limit and depth_info["depth_status"] != "blocked":
                feature = self.feature_info(int(item["face_id"]))
                bottom_face_ids = tuple(feature.get("feature_bottom_face_ids", ()))
                if not bottom_face_ids:
                    continue
                depth_context = self._blind_cylindrical_depth_context(
                    int(item["face_id"]),
                    item,
                    feature,
                    float(item["hole_depth_estimate"]),
                )
                current_depth = float(depth_context.get("depth_current_depth", item["hole_depth_estimate"]))
                candidates.append(
                    {
                        "operation_key": "resize_depth",
                        "operation": "调整盲孔深度",
                        "target_kind": "face",
                        "target_id": item["face_id"],
                        "face_id": item["face_id"],
                        "part_id": item["part_id"],
                        "solid_id": item["solid_id"],
                        "surface": "cylinder",
                        "feature_guess": item["feature_guess"],
                        "current_value": current_depth,
                        "current_value_label": "depth",
                        "status": depth_info["depth_status"],
                        "risk": depth_info["depth_risk"],
                        "confidence": item["confidence"],
                        "note": (
                            f"{depth_info['depth_note']} "
                            f"底面: {bottom_face_ids}; "
                            f"来源: {feature.get('feature_bottom_detection')}; "
                            f"深度来源: {depth_context.get('depth_current_depth_source', 'cylinder-v-range')}。"
                        ),
                    }
                )
                depth_count += 1
            if (
                diameter_count >= per_type_limit
                and boss_diameter_count >= per_type_limit
                and suppress_count >= suppress_limit
                and depth_count >= depth_limit
                and existing_fillet_count >= existing_fillet_limit
            ):
                break

        plane_count = 0
        for face_id, face in enumerate(self.faces):
            if progress_callback is not None and face_id % 30 == 0:
                progress_callback()
            if plane_count >= per_type_limit:
                break
            surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
            if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Plane:
                continue
            props = GProp_GProps()
            brepgprop.SurfaceProperties(face, props)
            if detailed:
                direction_info = self._plane_push_pull_direction(face_id, surf)
                confidence = str(direction_info["confidence"])
                risk = "low" if confidence == "high" else "medium"
                status = "ready" if confidence == "high" else "caution"
                note = str(direction_info["note"])
            else:
                confidence = "pending"
                risk = "medium"
                status = "caution"
                note = "快速扫描：推拉方向会在选中 face 或执行编辑前再详细判断。"
            candidates.append(
                {
                    "operation_key": "push_pull_plane",
                    "operation": "推拉平面",
                    "target_kind": "face",
                    "target_id": face_id,
                    "face_id": face_id,
                    "part_id": self.face_part_ids[face_id],
                    "solid_id": self.face_solid_ids[face_id],
                    "surface": "plane",
                    "feature_guess": "planar push/pull candidate",
                    "current_value": props.Mass(),
                    "current_value_label": "area",
                    "status": status,
                    "risk": risk,
                    "confidence": confidence,
                    "note": note,
                }
            )
            plane_count += 1

        fillet_edge_count = 0
        chamfer_edge_count = 0
        edge_length_count = 0
        edge_type_limit = max(1, per_type_limit // 3)
        for edge_id, edge in enumerate(self.edges):
            if progress_callback is not None and edge_id % 80 == 0:
                progress_callback()
            if (
                fillet_edge_count >= edge_type_limit
                and chamfer_edge_count >= edge_type_limit
                and edge_length_count >= edge_type_limit
            ):
                break
            curve = BRepAdaptor_Curve(edge)
            if curve.GetType() != GeomAbs_Line:
                continue
            props = GProp_GProps()
            brepgprop.LinearProperties(edge, props)
            length = props.Mass()
            if length <= 1e-9:
                continue
            solid_id = self._edge_solid_id(edge_id)
            if fillet_edge_count < edge_type_limit:
                candidates.append(
                    {
                        "operation_key": "fillet_edge",
                        "operation": "给边添加圆角",
                        "target_kind": "edge",
                        "target_id": edge_id,
                        "edge_id": edge_id,
                        "part_id": self.edge_part_ids[edge_id],
                        "solid_id": solid_id,
                        "surface": "edge",
                        "feature_guess": "linear edge fillet candidate",
                        "current_value": length,
                        "current_value_label": "length",
                        "status": "caution",
                        "risk": "medium",
                        "confidence": "pending",
                        "note": "快速扫描：添加圆角半径会在执行前根据边长和相邻面再详细判断。",
                    }
                )
                fillet_edge_count += 1
            if chamfer_edge_count < edge_type_limit:
                candidates.append(
                    {
                        "operation_key": "chamfer_edge",
                        "operation": "给边添加倒角",
                        "target_kind": "edge",
                        "target_id": edge_id,
                        "edge_id": edge_id,
                        "part_id": self.edge_part_ids[edge_id],
                        "solid_id": solid_id,
                        "surface": "edge",
                        "feature_guess": "linear edge chamfer candidate",
                        "current_value": length,
                        "current_value_label": "length",
                        "status": "caution",
                        "risk": "medium",
                        "confidence": "pending",
                        "note": "快速扫描：倒角距离会在执行前根据边长和相邻面再详细判断。",
                    }
                )
                chamfer_edge_count += 1
            if edge_length_count < edge_type_limit:
                candidates.append(
                    {
                        "operation_key": "resize_edge_length",
                        "operation": "调整直线边长度",
                        "target_kind": "edge",
                        "target_id": edge_id,
                        "edge_id": edge_id,
                        "part_id": self.edge_part_ids[edge_id],
                        "solid_id": solid_id,
                        "surface": "edge",
                        "feature_guess": "linear edge length candidate",
                        "current_value": length,
                        "current_value_label": "length",
                        "status": "caution",
                        "risk": "medium",
                        "confidence": "pending",
                        "note": "快速扫描：第一版边长调整会在执行前尝试寻找可推拉的端面，找不到端面会阻止。",
                    }
                )
                edge_length_count += 1

        status_order = {"ready": 0, "caution": 1, "blocked": 2}
        risk_order = {"low": 0, "medium": 1, "high": 2, "blocked": 3}
        operation_order = {
            "resize_cylinder": 0,
            "resize_boss": 1,
            "suppress_cylinder": 2,
            "resize_depth": 3,
            "inspect_existing_fillet": 4,
            "push_pull_plane": 5,
            "fillet_edge": 6,
            "chamfer_edge": 7,
            "resize_edge_length": 8,
        }
        candidates.sort(
            key=lambda item: (
                status_order.get(str(item["status"]), 9),
                risk_order.get(str(item["risk"]), 9),
                operation_order.get(str(item["operation_key"]), 9),
                int(item.get("target_id", item.get("face_id", item.get("edge_id", -1)))),
            )
        )
        return candidates[:limit]

    def cylindrical_feature_candidates(
        self,
        limit: int = 100,
        include_end_info: bool = False,
        progress_callback: Callable[[], None] | None = None,
    ) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
        candidates: list[dict[str, object]] = []
        for face_id, face in enumerate(self.faces):
            if progress_callback is not None and face_id % 30 == 0:
                progress_callback()
            surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
            if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Cylinder:
                continue
            cyl = surf.Cylinder()
            props = GProp_GProps()
            brepgprop.SurfaceProperties(face, props)
            radius = cyl.Radius()
            u_span = abs(surf.LastUParameter() - surf.FirstUParameter())
            v_span = abs(surf.LastVParameter() - surf.FirstVParameter())
            swept_area = max(radius * max(u_span, 1e-9), 1e-9)
            height_estimate = props.Mass() / swept_area
            boundary_edges = len(list(TopologyExplorer(face, ignore_orientation=True).edges()))
            classification = self._classify_cylindrical_face(face_id, surf)
            candidate = {
                "face_id": face_id,
                "part_id": self.face_part_ids[face_id],
                "solid_id": self.face_solid_ids[face_id],
                "radius": radius,
                "diameter": radius * 2.0,
                "axis": _dir_tuple(cyl.Axis().Direction()),
                "area": props.Mass(),
                "angular_span": u_span,
                "height_estimate": height_estimate,
                "param_height": v_span,
                "boundary_edges": boundary_edges,
                "feature_guess": classification["feature_guess"],
                "material_toward_axis": classification["toward_axis"],
                "material_away_axis": classification["away_axis"],
                "material_vote_summary": classification["vote_summary"],
                "material_sample_count": classification["sample_count"],
                "confidence": classification["confidence"],
                "note": classification["note"],
            }
            if include_end_info:
                candidate.update(self._cylinder_end_opening_info(face_id, surf))
            candidate.update(_cylinder_resize_readiness(candidate))
            candidate.update(_cylinder_boss_resize_readiness(candidate))
            candidates.append(candidate)
            if len(candidates) >= limit:
                break
        return candidates

    def cylindrical_resize_plan(self, face_id: int, new_diameter: float) -> dict[str, object]:
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown face id {face_id}")
        info = self.face_info(face_id)
        if info.get("surface") != "cylinder" or "diameter" not in info:
            return {
                "status": "blocked",
                "risk": "blocked",
                "message": "当前选中的 face 不是圆柱面，不能执行圆柱切削。",
            }
        current_diameter = float(info["diameter"])
        readiness = _cylinder_resize_readiness(info, new_diameter)
        resize_mode = _resize_mode(current_diameter, new_diameter)
        delta_diameter = new_diameter - current_diameter
        diameter_delta_ratio = abs(delta_diameter) / max(current_diameter, 1e-9)
        height_estimate = float(info.get("height_estimate", 0.0))
        target_to_height_ratio = new_diameter / height_estimate if height_estimate > 1e-9 else ""
        feature = self.feature_info(face_id)
        cutter_plan = self._bounded_cylinder_cutter_plan(face_id, new_diameter, feature)
        fill_plan = self._bounded_cylinder_fill_plan(face_id) if resize_mode == "shrink" else {}
        return {
            "status": readiness["resize_status"],
            "risk": readiness["resize_risk"],
            "message": readiness["resize_note"],
            "warnings": readiness["resize_warnings"],
            "blockers": readiness["resize_blockers"],
            "face_id": face_id,
            "part_id": info["part_id"],
            "solid_id": info["solid_id"],
            "current_diameter": current_diameter,
            "target_diameter": new_diameter,
            "delta_diameter": delta_diameter,
            "diameter_delta_ratio": diameter_delta_ratio,
            "target_to_height_ratio": target_to_height_ratio,
            "resize_mode": resize_mode,
            "feature_type": feature.get("feature_type"),
            "feature_bottom_face_ids": feature.get("feature_bottom_face_ids"),
            "feature_opening_face_ids": feature.get("feature_opening_face_ids"),
            "feature_bottom_note": feature.get("feature_bottom_note"),
            "feature_guess": info.get("feature_guess"),
            "confidence": info.get("confidence"),
            "angular_span": info.get("angular_span"),
            "height_estimate": info.get("height_estimate"),
            "material_vote_summary": info.get("material_vote_summary"),
            "material_sample_count": info.get("material_sample_count"),
            **cutter_plan,
            **fill_plan,
        }

    def cylindrical_boss_resize_plan(self, face_id: int, new_diameter: float) -> dict[str, object]:
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown face id {face_id}")
        info = self.face_info(face_id)
        if info.get("surface") != "cylinder" or "diameter" not in info:
            return {
                "status": "blocked",
                "risk": "blocked",
                "message": "当前选中的 face 不是圆柱面，不能调整圆柱凸台直径。",
            }

        current_diameter = float(info["diameter"])
        readiness = _cylinder_boss_resize_readiness(info, new_diameter)
        resize_mode = _resize_mode(current_diameter, new_diameter)
        delta_diameter = new_diameter - current_diameter
        diameter_delta_ratio = abs(delta_diameter) / max(current_diameter, 1e-9)
        height_estimate = float(info.get("height_estimate", 0.0))
        target_to_height_ratio = new_diameter / height_estimate if height_estimate > 1e-9 else ""
        feature = self.feature_info(face_id)
        tool_plan = self._bounded_boss_resize_tool_plan(face_id, new_diameter)
        return {
            "status": readiness["boss_resize_status"],
            "risk": readiness["boss_resize_risk"],
            "message": readiness["boss_resize_note"],
            "warnings": readiness["boss_resize_warnings"],
            "blockers": readiness["boss_resize_blockers"],
            "face_id": face_id,
            "part_id": info["part_id"],
            "solid_id": info["solid_id"],
            "current_diameter": current_diameter,
            "target_diameter": new_diameter,
            "delta_diameter": delta_diameter,
            "diameter_delta_ratio": diameter_delta_ratio,
            "target_to_height_ratio": target_to_height_ratio,
            "resize_mode": resize_mode,
            "feature_type": feature.get("feature_type"),
            "feature_guess": info.get("feature_guess"),
            "confidence": info.get("confidence"),
            "angular_span": info.get("angular_span"),
            "height_estimate": info.get("height_estimate"),
            "material_vote_summary": info.get("material_vote_summary"),
            "material_sample_count": info.get("material_sample_count"),
            "feature_adjacent_face_ids": feature.get("feature_adjacent_face_ids"),
            "feature_boundary_edge_ids": feature.get("feature_boundary_edge_ids"),
            **tool_plan,
        }

    def cylindrical_suppress_plan(self, face_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown face id {face_id}")
        info = self.face_info(face_id)
        if info.get("surface") != "cylinder" or "diameter" not in info:
            return {
                "status": "blocked",
                "risk": "blocked",
                "message": "当前选中的 face 不是圆柱面，不能封堵圆柱孔。",
            }
        readiness = _cylinder_suppress_readiness(info)
        feature = self.feature_info(face_id)
        fill_plan = self._bounded_cylinder_fill_plan(face_id)
        return {
            "status": readiness["suppress_status"],
            "risk": readiness["suppress_risk"],
            "message": readiness["suppress_note"],
            "warnings": readiness["suppress_warnings"],
            "blockers": readiness["suppress_blockers"],
            "face_id": face_id,
            "part_id": info["part_id"],
            "solid_id": info["solid_id"],
            "diameter": info.get("diameter"),
            "radius": info.get("radius"),
            "angular_span": info.get("angular_span"),
            "height_estimate": info.get("height_estimate"),
            "feature_type": feature.get("feature_type"),
            "feature_guess": info.get("feature_guess"),
            "confidence": info.get("confidence"),
            "material_vote_summary": info.get("material_vote_summary"),
            "cylinder_end_type": info.get("cylinder_end_type"),
            "feature_bottom_face_ids": feature.get("feature_bottom_face_ids"),
            "feature_opening_face_ids": feature.get("feature_opening_face_ids"),
            "feature_bottom_note": feature.get("feature_bottom_note"),
            **fill_plan,
        }

    def cylindrical_depth_plan(self, face_id: int, target_depth: float) -> dict[str, object]:
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown face id {face_id}")
        info = self.face_info(face_id)
        if info.get("surface") != "cylinder" or "diameter" not in info:
            return {
                "status": "blocked",
                "risk": "blocked",
                "message": "当前选中的 face 不是圆柱面，不能调整盲孔深度。",
            }

        feature = self.feature_info(face_id)
        context = self._blind_cylindrical_depth_context(face_id, info, feature, target_depth)
        depth_info = dict(info)
        if context.get("context_status") == "ready" and isinstance(context.get("depth_current_depth"), (int, float)):
            depth_info["hole_depth_estimate"] = float(context["depth_current_depth"])
        readiness = _cylinder_depth_readiness(depth_info, target_depth)
        if context.get("context_status") == "blocked":
            readiness = dict(readiness)
            readiness["depth_status"] = "blocked"
            readiness["depth_risk"] = "blocked"
            readiness["depth_blockers"] = _join_nonempty(
                readiness.get("depth_blockers"),
                context.get("context_message"),
            )
            readiness["depth_note"] = readiness["depth_blockers"]

        current_depth = float(depth_info.get("hole_depth_estimate", 0.0))
        delta_depth = target_depth - current_depth
        depth_delta_ratio = abs(delta_depth) / max(current_depth, 1e-9)
        plan = {
            "status": readiness["depth_status"],
            "risk": readiness["depth_risk"],
            "message": readiness["depth_note"],
            "warnings": readiness["depth_warnings"],
            "blockers": readiness["depth_blockers"],
            "face_id": face_id,
            "part_id": info["part_id"],
            "solid_id": info["solid_id"],
            "current_depth": current_depth,
            "target_depth": target_depth,
            "delta_depth": delta_depth,
            "depth_delta_ratio": depth_delta_ratio,
            "depth_mode": "deepen" if delta_depth > 0 else "shallow",
            "diameter": info.get("diameter"),
            "radius": info.get("radius"),
            "feature_type": feature.get("feature_type"),
            "feature_guess": info.get("feature_guess"),
            "confidence": info.get("confidence"),
            "angular_span": info.get("angular_span"),
            "material_vote_summary": info.get("material_vote_summary"),
            "cylinder_end_type": info.get("cylinder_end_type"),
            "start_end_state": info.get("start_end_state"),
            "end_end_state": info.get("end_end_state"),
            "feature_bottom_face_ids": feature.get("feature_bottom_face_ids"),
            "feature_opening_face_ids": feature.get("feature_opening_face_ids"),
            "feature_bottom_confidence": feature.get("feature_bottom_confidence"),
            "feature_bottom_detection": feature.get("feature_bottom_detection"),
            "feature_bottom_note": feature.get("feature_bottom_note"),
        }
        plan.update(context)
        return plan

    def _blind_cylindrical_depth_context(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        info: dict[str, object],
        feature: dict[str, object],
        target_depth: float,
    ) -> dict[str, object]:
        face = self.faces[face_id]
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Cylinder:
            return {
                "context_status": "blocked",
                "context_message": "当前选中的 face 不是圆柱面。",
            }

        bottom_face_ids = tuple(feature.get("feature_bottom_face_ids", ()))
        if info.get("cylinder_end_type") != "blind" or not bottom_face_ids:
            return {
                "context_status": "blocked",
                "context_message": "第一版孔深调整只支持已经识别出疑似底面的盲孔/盲槽。",
            }

        start_open = info.get("start_end_open") is True
        end_open = info.get("end_end_open") is True
        if start_open == end_open:
            return {
                "context_status": "blocked",
                "context_message": "圆柱端部开口方向不唯一，不能可靠判断孔深方向。",
            }

        cyl = surf.Cylinder()
        radius = float(cyl.Radius())
        axis = cyl.Axis()
        axis_point = axis.Location()
        axis_dir = axis.Direction()
        v_min = min(float(surf.FirstVParameter()), float(surf.LastVParameter()))
        v_max = max(float(surf.FirstVParameter()), float(surf.LastVParameter()))
        if start_open:
            open_parameter = v_min
            nominal_bottom_parameter = v_max
            direction_sign = 1.0
        else:
            open_parameter = v_max
            nominal_bottom_parameter = v_min
            direction_sign = -1.0

        bottom_parameter = self._bottom_face_axis_parameter(
            bottom_face_ids,
            axis_point,
            axis_dir,
            nominal_bottom_parameter,
        )
        current_depth_source = "bottom-face-axis-parameter" if bottom_parameter is not None else "cylinder-v-range"
        if bottom_parameter is None:
            bottom_parameter = nominal_bottom_parameter
        current_depth = max(abs(bottom_parameter - open_parameter), 1e-9)

        target_bottom_parameter = open_parameter + direction_sign * target_depth
        delta_depth = target_depth - current_depth
        depth_mode = "deepen" if delta_depth > 0 else "shallow"
        tool_direction = (
            axis_dir.X() * direction_sign,
            axis_dir.Y() * direction_sign,
            axis_dir.Z() * direction_sign,
        )
        open_margin = min(max(radius * 0.05, abs(delta_depth) * 0.2, 0.02), max(current_depth * 0.1, 0.2))
        bottom_overlap = min(max(radius * 0.02, abs(delta_depth) * 0.05, 0.01), max(current_depth * 0.03, 0.08))

        if depth_mode == "deepen":
            start_parameter = open_parameter - direction_sign * open_margin
            end_parameter = target_bottom_parameter
            tool_height = target_depth + open_margin
            tool_role = "cutter"
            tool_strategy = "bounded-blind-depth-cut"
            tool_radius = radius
            radius_overlap = 0.0
            tool_note = "加深盲孔：沿识别出的开口到疑似底面方向，使用有限长度圆柱 cutter 延伸切削。"
        else:
            start_parameter = target_bottom_parameter
            end_parameter = bottom_parameter + direction_sign * bottom_overlap
            tool_height = current_depth - target_depth + bottom_overlap
            tool_role = "fill"
            tool_strategy = "bounded-bottom-fill"
            radius_overlap = min(max(radius * 0.001, 0.001), 0.05)
            tool_radius = radius + radius_overlap
            tool_note = "变浅盲孔：从目标新底面到旧底面方向补料，并让补料半径略有重叠以便和原实体合并。"

        return {
            "context_status": "ready",
            "depth_tool_strategy": tool_strategy,
            "depth_tool_role": tool_role,
            "depth_tool_note": tool_note,
            "depth_axis_direction": tool_direction,
            "depth_open_parameter": open_parameter,
            "depth_bottom_parameter": bottom_parameter,
            "depth_nominal_bottom_parameter": nominal_bottom_parameter,
            "depth_bottom_parameter_source": current_depth_source,
            "depth_current_depth": current_depth,
            "depth_current_depth_source": current_depth_source,
            "depth_target_bottom_parameter": target_bottom_parameter,
            "depth_tool_start_parameter": start_parameter,
            "depth_tool_end_parameter": end_parameter,
            "depth_tool_height": max(tool_height, 1e-6),
            "depth_tool_radius": tool_radius,
            "depth_tool_radius_overlap": radius_overlap,
            "depth_open_point": _point_tuple(_point_on_axis(axis_point, axis_dir, open_parameter)),
            "depth_current_bottom_point": _point_tuple(_point_on_axis(axis_point, axis_dir, bottom_parameter)),
            "depth_target_bottom_point": _point_tuple(_point_on_axis(axis_point, axis_dir, target_bottom_parameter)),
            "depth_tool_start_point": _point_tuple(_point_on_axis(axis_point, axis_dir, start_parameter)),
        }

    def _bounded_cylinder_cutter_plan(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        new_diameter: float,
        feature: dict[str, object] | None = None,
    ) -> dict[str, object]:
        face = self.faces[face_id]
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Cylinder:
            return {
                "cutter_strategy": "unavailable",
                "cutter_note": "selected face is not cylindrical",
            }

        cyl = surf.Cylinder()
        old_radius = cyl.Radius()
        new_radius = new_diameter / 2.0
        v1 = surf.FirstVParameter()
        v2 = surf.LastVParameter()
        v_min = min(v1, v2)
        v_max = max(v1, v2)
        span = max(v_max - v_min, 0.0)
        end_info = self._cylinder_end_opening_info(face_id, surf)
        base_margin = min(max(new_radius * 0.05, abs(new_radius - old_radius) * 0.5, 0.02), max(span * 0.05, 0.2))
        closed_margin = min(base_margin, max(span * 0.005, 0.02))
        start_margin = base_margin if end_info["start_end_open"] else closed_margin
        end_margin = base_margin if end_info["end_end_open"] else closed_margin
        feature = feature or self.feature_info(face_id)
        bottom_face_ids = tuple(feature.get("feature_bottom_face_ids", ()))
        opening_face_ids = tuple(feature.get("feature_opening_face_ids", ()))
        bottom_protection = bool(bottom_face_ids)
        if bottom_protection:
            bottom_note = "检测到疑似盲孔底面，封闭端 cutter 只保留很小余量，避免明显加深孔。"
        else:
            bottom_note = "未检测到明确疑似底面，按端部开口/封闭采样设置 cutter 余量。"
        start_parameter = v_min - start_margin
        end_parameter = v_max + end_margin
        height = max(end_parameter - start_parameter, 1e-6)
        axis = cyl.Axis()
        direction = axis.Direction()
        axis_point = axis.Location()
        start = gp_Pnt(
            axis_point.X() + direction.X() * start_parameter,
            axis_point.Y() + direction.Y() * start_parameter,
            axis_point.Z() + direction.Z() * start_parameter,
        )
        return {
            "cutter_strategy": "bounded-to-selected-cylinder-v-range",
            "cutter_note": "有限长度切削：按选中圆柱面的 V 参数范围生成 cutter，减少贯穿整个零件的误切风险。",
            "cutter_start_parameter": start_parameter,
            "cutter_end_parameter": end_parameter,
            "cutter_height": height,
            "cutter_margin": base_margin,
            "cutter_start_margin": start_margin,
            "cutter_end_margin": end_margin,
            "cutter_radius": new_radius,
            "cutter_axis_point": _point_tuple(axis_point),
            "cutter_axis_direction": _dir_tuple(direction),
            "cutter_start_point": _point_tuple(start),
            "cutter_bottom_protection": bottom_protection,
            "cutter_protected_bottom_face_ids": bottom_face_ids,
            "cutter_opening_face_ids": opening_face_ids,
            "cutter_bottom_note": bottom_note,
            **end_info,
        }

    def _bounded_cylinder_fill_plan(self, face_id: int) -> dict[str, object]:
        face = self.faces[face_id]
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Cylinder:
            return {
                "fill_strategy": "unavailable",
                "fill_note": "selected face is not cylindrical",
            }

        cyl = surf.Cylinder()
        radius = cyl.Radius()
        v1 = surf.FirstVParameter()
        v2 = surf.LastVParameter()
        v_min = min(v1, v2)
        v_max = max(v1, v2)
        height = max(v_max - v_min, 1e-6)
        overlap = min(max(radius * 0.001, 0.001), 0.05)
        axis = cyl.Axis()
        direction = axis.Direction()
        axis_point = axis.Location()
        start = _point_on_axis(axis_point, direction, v_min)
        return {
            "fill_strategy": "bounded-fill-then-recut",
            "fill_note": "缩小孔径实验策略：先在原圆柱面范围内补料，再按目标直径重切。补料不向开口端外伸。",
            "fill_start_parameter": v_min,
            "fill_end_parameter": v_max,
            "fill_height": height,
            "fill_radius": radius + overlap,
            "fill_radius_overlap": overlap,
            "fill_start_point": _point_tuple(start),
        }

    def _bounded_boss_resize_tool_plan(self, face_id: int, new_diameter: float) -> dict[str, object]:
        face = self.faces[face_id]
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Cylinder:
            return {
                "boss_tool_strategy": "unavailable",
                "boss_tool_note": "selected face is not cylindrical",
            }

        cyl = surf.Cylinder()
        old_radius = cyl.Radius()
        new_radius = new_diameter / 2.0
        v1 = surf.FirstVParameter()
        v2 = surf.LastVParameter()
        v_min = min(v1, v2)
        v_max = max(v1, v2)
        span = max(v_max - v_min, 1e-6)
        delta_radius = abs(new_radius - old_radius)
        base_radius = max(old_radius, new_radius)
        axial_margin = min(
            max(base_radius * 0.001, delta_radius * 0.01, span * 0.001, 0.001),
            max(span * 0.01, 0.02),
        )
        radial_overlap = min(max(old_radius * 0.001, 0.001), 0.05)
        start_parameter = v_min - axial_margin
        end_parameter = v_max + axial_margin
        height = max(end_parameter - start_parameter, 1e-6)
        axis = cyl.Axis()
        direction = axis.Direction()
        axis_point = axis.Location()
        start = _point_on_axis(axis_point, direction, start_parameter)
        resize_mode = _resize_mode(old_radius * 2.0, new_diameter)
        return {
            "boss_tool_strategy": "bounded-cylinder-fuse" if resize_mode == "enlarge" else "bounded-annular-cut",
            "boss_tool_note": (
                "扩大凸台会在选中圆柱面的 V 范围内生成目标半径圆柱并 Fuse；"
                "缩小凸台会生成环形 cutter 并 Cut。第一版会给轴向两端保留少量重叠，"
                "让布尔结果更容易和原实体合并。"
            ),
            "boss_tool_start_parameter": start_parameter,
            "boss_tool_end_parameter": end_parameter,
            "boss_tool_height": height,
            "boss_tool_axial_margin": axial_margin,
            "boss_tool_radius": new_radius,
            "boss_tool_old_radius": old_radius,
            "boss_tool_outer_radius": old_radius + radial_overlap if resize_mode == "shrink" else new_radius,
            "boss_tool_inner_radius": new_radius if resize_mode == "shrink" else "",
            "boss_tool_radial_overlap": radial_overlap if resize_mode == "shrink" else "",
            "boss_tool_axis_point": _point_tuple(axis_point),
            "boss_tool_axis_direction": _dir_tuple(direction),
            "boss_tool_start_point": _point_tuple(start),
        }

    def _cylinder_end_opening_info(self, face_id: int, surf: BRepAdaptor_Surface) -> dict[str, object]:
        solid_id = self.face_solid_ids[face_id]
        fallback = {
            "cylinder_end_type": "unknown",
            "hole_depth_estimate": abs(surf.LastVParameter() - surf.FirstVParameter()),
            "start_end_state": "unknown",
            "end_end_state": "unknown",
            "start_end_open": False,
            "end_end_open": False,
            "open_end_count": 0,
            "closed_end_count": 0,
            "end_sample_offset": "",
            "end_sample_note": "no owning solid was found",
        }
        if solid_id < 0 or solid_id >= len(self.solids):
            return fallback

        solid = self.solids[solid_id][1]
        cyl = surf.Cylinder()
        axis = cyl.Axis()
        axis_point = axis.Location()
        direction = axis.Direction()
        v1 = surf.FirstVParameter()
        v2 = surf.LastVParameter()
        v_min = min(v1, v2)
        v_max = max(v1, v2)
        span = max(v_max - v_min, 0.0)
        radius = cyl.Radius()
        offset = min(max(radius * 0.08, span * 0.02, 0.05), max(span * 0.25, 0.2))

        start_probe = _point_on_axis(axis_point, direction, v_min - offset)
        end_probe = _point_on_axis(axis_point, direction, v_max + offset)
        start_state = _solid_state(solid, start_probe)
        end_state = _solid_state(solid, end_probe)
        start_open = start_state == "outside"
        end_open = end_state == "outside"
        start_closed = start_state == "inside"
        end_closed = end_state == "inside"
        open_count = int(start_open) + int(end_open)
        closed_count = int(start_closed) + int(end_closed)

        if open_count == 2:
            end_type = "through/open-ended"
            note = "both axis-end probes are outside material"
        elif open_count == 1 and closed_count == 1:
            end_type = "blind"
            note = "one axis-end probe is outside material and the other is inside material"
        elif closed_count == 2:
            end_type = "closed/internal"
            note = "both axis-end probes are inside material"
        else:
            end_type = "unclear"
            note = "axis-end probes did not produce a clear open/closed pattern"

        return {
            "cylinder_end_type": end_type,
            "hole_depth_estimate": span,
            "start_end_state": start_state,
            "end_end_state": end_state,
            "start_end_open": start_open,
            "end_end_open": end_open,
            "open_end_count": open_count,
            "closed_end_count": closed_count,
            "end_sample_offset": offset,
            "end_sample_note": note,
        }

    def _classify_cylindrical_face(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        surf: BRepAdaptor_Surface,
        detailed: bool = False,
    ) -> dict[str, object]:
        solid_id = self.face_solid_ids[face_id]
        if solid_id < 0 or solid_id >= len(self.solids):
            return {
                "feature_guess": "cylindrical face",
                "toward_axis": "unknown",
                "away_axis": "unknown",
                "vote_summary": "hole=0, boss=0, unclear=0",
                "sample_count": 0,
                "confidence": "low",
                "note": "no owning solid was found",
            }

        solid = self.solids[solid_id][1]
        radius = surf.Cylinder().Radius()
        angular_span = abs(surf.LastUParameter() - surf.FirstUParameter())
        boundary_edges = len(list(TopologyExplorer(self.faces[face_id], ignore_orientation=True).edges()))
        solid_diagonal = _shape_diagonal(solid)
        is_partial_cylinder = angular_span < math.tau * 0.92
        is_small_radius = solid_diagonal > 0 and radius <= solid_diagonal * 0.04
        is_fillet_radius = solid_diagonal > 0 and radius <= solid_diagonal * 0.12
        is_quarter_roundish = 0.15 <= angular_span <= math.pi * 1.05
        is_fillet_like_partial = (
            is_partial_cylinder
            and is_quarter_roundish
            and is_fillet_radius
            and boundary_edges >= 4
        )
        samples = self._sample_cylinder_material_states(surf, solid, detailed=detailed)
        sample_count = len(samples)
        if sample_count == 0:
            return {
                "feature_guess": "cylindrical face",
                "toward_axis": "unknown",
                "away_axis": "unknown",
                "vote_summary": "hole=0, boss=0, unclear=0",
                "sample_count": 0,
                "confidence": "low",
                "note": "could not sample cylinder material sides",
            }

        toward_states = [sample["toward"] for sample in samples]
        away_states = [sample["away"] for sample in samples]
        hole_votes = sum(1 for sample in samples if sample["toward"] == "outside" and sample["away"] == "inside")
        boss_votes = sum(1 for sample in samples if sample["toward"] == "inside" and sample["away"] == "outside")
        unclear_votes = sample_count - hole_votes - boss_votes
        vote_summary = f"hole={hole_votes}, boss={boss_votes}, unclear={unclear_votes}"
        threshold = max(1, math.ceil(sample_count * 0.6))
        base = {
            "toward_axis": _state_summary(toward_states),
            "away_axis": _state_summary(away_states),
            "vote_summary": vote_summary,
            "sample_count": sample_count,
        }

        if hole_votes >= threshold:
            confidence = "high" if hole_votes == sample_count and not is_partial_cylinder else "medium"
            return {
                "feature_guess": "hole/groove candidate",
                "confidence": confidence,
                "note": "axis side is mostly empty and outer side is mostly material",
                **base,
            }

        if is_partial_cylinder and (is_small_radius or is_fillet_like_partial):
            return {
                "feature_guess": "round/fillet candidate",
                "confidence": "medium" if boundary_edges >= 4 else "low",
                "note": "partial small-radius cylinder; may be a fillet or blend",
                **base,
            }

        if boss_votes >= threshold:
            return {
                "feature_guess": "boss/outer-round candidate",
                "confidence": "high" if boss_votes == sample_count and not is_partial_cylinder else "medium",
                "note": "axis side is mostly material and outer side is mostly empty",
                **base,
            }

        return {
            "feature_guess": "cylindrical face",
            "confidence": "low",
            "note": "material sampling did not produce a clear inside/outside pattern",
            **base,
        }

    def _sample_cylinder_material_states(
        self,
        surf: BRepAdaptor_Surface,
        solid: TopoDS_Shape,
        detailed: bool = False,
    ) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
        cyl = surf.Cylinder()
        axis = cyl.Axis()
        axis_point = axis.Location()
        axis_dir = axis.Direction()
        radius = cyl.Radius()
        u_first = surf.FirstUParameter()
        u_last = surf.LastUParameter()
        v = (surf.FirstVParameter() + surf.LastVParameter()) / 2.0
        u_span = u_last - u_first
        fractions = [0.5]
        if detailed and abs(u_span) > 0.2:
            fractions = [0.25, 0.5, 0.75]

        samples: list[dict[str, str]] = []
        for fraction in fractions:
            u = u_first + u_span * fraction
            point = surf.Value(u, v)
            axis_to_point = _vec_from_points(axis_point, point)
            projection = _dot(axis_to_point, axis_dir)
            center = gp_Pnt(
                axis_point.X() + axis_dir.X() * projection,
                axis_point.Y() + axis_dir.Y() * projection,
                axis_point.Z() + axis_dir.Z() * projection,
            )
            radial = _vec_from_points(center, point)
            radial_len = radial.Magnitude()
            if radial_len <= 1e-9:
                continue

            unit = gp_Vec(radial.X() / radial_len, radial.Y() / radial_len, radial.Z() / radial_len)
            epsilon = min(max(radius * 0.03, 0.05), 1.0)
            toward_point = gp_Pnt(
                point.X() - unit.X() * epsilon,
                point.Y() - unit.Y() * epsilon,
                point.Z() - unit.Z() * epsilon,
            )
            away_point = gp_Pnt(
                point.X() + unit.X() * epsilon,
                point.Y() + unit.Y() * epsilon,
                point.Z() + unit.Z() * epsilon,
            )
            samples.append(
                {
                    "toward": _solid_state(solid, toward_point),
                    "away": _solid_state(solid, away_point),
                }
            )
        return samples

    def _plane_push_pull_direction(self, face_id: int, surf: BRepAdaptor_Surface) -> dict[str, object]:
        face = self.faces[face_id]
        direction = surf.Plane().Axis().Direction()
        axis_tuple = _dir_tuple(direction)
        oriented_tuple = _oriented_dir_tuple(direction, face)
        fallback = {
            "outward_direction": oriented_tuple,
            "inward_direction": _neg_tuple(oriented_tuple),
            "plus_side_state": "unknown",
            "minus_side_state": "unknown",
            "confidence": "low",
            "note": "falling back to topology-oriented plane normal",
        }

        solid_id = self.face_solid_ids[face_id]
        if solid_id < 0 or solid_id >= len(self.solids):
            fallback["note"] = "no owning solid was found; using topology-oriented plane normal"
            return fallback

        solid = self.solids[solid_id][1]
        props = GProp_GProps()
        brepgprop.SurfaceProperties(face, props)
        sample = props.CentreOfMass()
        diagonal = _shape_diagonal(solid)
        epsilon = min(max(diagonal * 1e-4, 0.05), 1.0)
        plus_point = gp_Pnt(
            sample.X() + direction.X() * epsilon,
            sample.Y() + direction.Y() * epsilon,
            sample.Z() + direction.Z() * epsilon,
        )
        minus_point = gp_Pnt(
            sample.X() - direction.X() * epsilon,
            sample.Y() - direction.Y() * epsilon,
            sample.Z() - direction.Z() * epsilon,
        )
        plus_state = _solid_state(solid, plus_point)
        minus_state = _solid_state(solid, minus_point)

        if plus_state == "outside" and minus_state == "inside":
            return {
                "outward_direction": axis_tuple,
                "inward_direction": _neg_tuple(axis_tuple),
                "plus_side_state": plus_state,
                "minus_side_state": minus_state,
                "confidence": "high",
                "note": "positive plane normal side is outside material",
            }
        if plus_state == "inside" and minus_state == "outside":
            return {
                "outward_direction": _neg_tuple(axis_tuple),
                "inward_direction": axis_tuple,
                "plus_side_state": plus_state,
                "minus_side_state": minus_state,
                "confidence": "high",
                "note": "negative plane normal side is outside material",
            }

        fallback["plus_side_state"] = plus_state
        fallback["minus_side_state"] = minus_state
        fallback["note"] = "inside/outside sampling was unclear; using topology-oriented plane normal"
        return fallback

    def export_all(self, filename: str | Path) -> None:
        export_shape = _compound_from_shapes(
            _prepare_shape_for_step_export(part.shape) for part in self.display_parts()
        )
        _write_step(export_shape, Path(filename))

    def export_quality_info(self, scope: str, target_id: int | None = None) -> dict[str, object]:
        if scope == "all":
            return _shape_quality_info("当前完整模型", self.shape, expect_solid=False)
        if scope == "part":
            if target_id is None:
                raise ValueError("Part id is required.")
            part = self.part_by_id(target_id)
            if part is None:
                raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {target_id}")
            info = _shape_quality_info(f"零件 {part.id}: {part.name}", part.shape, expect_solid=True)
            info["part_id"] = part.id
            return info
        if scope == "solid":
            if target_id is None or target_id < 0 or target_id >= len(self.solids):
                raise ValueError(f"Unknown solid id {target_id}")
            part_id, solid = self.solids[target_id]
            info = _shape_quality_info(f"Solid {target_id}", solid, expect_solid=True)
            info["part_id"] = part_id
            info["solid_id"] = target_id
            return info
        if scope == "face":
            if target_id is None or target_id < 0 or target_id >= len(self.faces):
                raise ValueError(f"Unknown face id {target_id}")
            info = _shape_quality_info(f"Face {target_id}", self.faces[target_id], expect_solid=False)
            info["part_id"] = self.face_part_ids[target_id]
            info["solid_id"] = self.face_solid_ids[target_id]
            info["face_id"] = target_id
            return info
        if scope == "edge":
            if target_id is None or target_id < 0 or target_id >= len(self.edges):
                raise ValueError(f"Unknown edge id {target_id}")
            info = _shape_quality_info(f"Edge {target_id}", self.edges[target_id], expect_solid=False)
            info["part_id"] = self.edge_part_ids[target_id]
            info["solid_id"] = self._edge_solid_id(target_id)
            info["edge_id"] = target_id
            return info
        if scope == "feature":
            if target_id is None or target_id < 0 or target_id >= len(self.faces):
                raise ValueError(f"Unknown feature source face id {target_id}")
            feature = self.feature_info(target_id)
            face_ids = _int_values(feature.get("feature_highlight_face_ids")) or [target_id]
            shape = _compound_from_shapes(self.faces[face_id] for face_id in face_ids if 0 <= face_id < len(self.faces))
            info = _shape_quality_info(f"Feature from face {target_id}", shape, expect_solid=False)
            info["part_id"] = self.face_part_ids[target_id]
            info["solid_id"] = self.face_solid_ids[target_id]
            info["face_id"] = target_id
            info["feature_face_ids"] = tuple(face_ids)
            return info
        raise ValueError(f"Unknown export quality scope: {scope}")

    def export_part(self, part_id: int, filename: str | Path) -> None:
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")
        _write_step(_prepare_shape_for_step_export(part.shape), Path(filename))

    def export_solid(self, solid_id: int, filename: str | Path) -> None:
        if solid_id < 0 or solid_id >= len(self.solids):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown solid id {solid_id}")
        _write_step(_prepare_shape_for_step_export(self.solids[solid_id][1]), Path(filename))

    def export_face(self, face_id: int, filename: str | Path) -> None:
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown face id {face_id}")
        _write_step(self.faces[face_id], Path(filename))

    def export_edge(self, edge_id: int, filename: str | Path) -> None:
        if edge_id < 0 or edge_id >= len(self.edges):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown edge id {edge_id}")
        _write_step(self.edges[edge_id], Path(filename))

    def export_feature(self, face_id: int, filename: str | Path) -> None:
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown feature source face id {face_id}")
        feature = self.feature_info(face_id)
        face_ids = _int_values(feature.get("feature_highlight_face_ids")) or [face_id]
        shapes = [self.faces[item] for item in face_ids if 0 <= item < len(self.faces)]
        if not shapes:
            raise ValueError("Feature export did not find any valid faces.")
        _write_step(_compound_from_shapes(shapes), Path(filename))

    def translate_part_plan(self, part_id: int, vector: tuple[float, float, float]) -> dict[str, object]:
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")
        readiness = _translation_readiness(vector, part.shape)
        return {
            "status": readiness["translate_status"],
            "risk": readiness["translate_risk"],
            "message": readiness["translate_note"],
            "warnings": readiness["translate_warnings"],
            "blockers": readiness["translate_blockers"],
            "target_kind": "part",
            "part_id": part.id,
            "name": part.name,
            "translation_vector": vector,
            "translation_distance": _vector_length(vector),
            "bbox_diagonal": _shape_diagonal(part.shape),
        }

    def translate_solid_plan(self, solid_id: int, vector: tuple[float, float, float]) -> dict[str, object]:
        if solid_id < 0 or solid_id >= len(self.solids):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown solid id {solid_id}")
        part_id, solid = self.solids[solid_id]
        readiness = _translation_readiness(vector, solid)
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        part_solid_count = len(_explore(part.shape, TopAbs_SOLID)) if part is not None else 0
        warnings = readiness["translate_warnings"]
        risk = readiness["translate_risk"]
        status = readiness["translate_status"]
        if part_solid_count <= 1 and status != "blocked":
            warnings = _join_nonempty(warnings, "当前 part 只有一个 solid，平移 solid 实际会移动整个 part shape。")
            if risk == "low":
                risk = "medium"
                status = "caution"
        return {
            "status": status,
            "risk": risk,
            "message": _join_nonempty(readiness["translate_note"], warnings),
            "warnings": warnings,
            "blockers": readiness["translate_blockers"],
            "target_kind": "solid",
            "part_id": part_id,
            "solid_id": solid_id,
            "part_solid_count": part_solid_count,
            "translation_vector": vector,
            "translation_distance": _vector_length(vector),
            "bbox_diagonal": _shape_diagonal(solid),
        }

    def translate_part(self, part_id: int, vector: tuple[float, float, float]) -> str:
        plan = self.translate_part_plan(part_id, vector)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")
        part.shape = _translated_shape_by_vector(part.shape, vector)
        _ensure_valid_shape(part.shape)
        self.refresh_topology()
        return (
            f"Part translated: part {part_id}, vector={_format_tuple(vector)}, "
            f"distance={float(plan['translation_distance']):g}, risk={plan['risk']}."
        )

    def translate_solid(self, solid_id: int, vector: tuple[float, float, float]) -> str:
        plan = self.translate_solid_plan(solid_id, vector)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))
        part_id, solid = self.solids[solid_id]
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")

        part_solids = _explore(part.shape, TopAbs_SOLID)
        if len(part_solids) <= 1:
            part.shape = _translated_shape_by_vector(part.shape, vector)
        else:
            translated = _translated_shape_by_vector(solid, vector)
            replaced = False
            shapes: list[TopoDS_Shape] = []
            for item in part_solids:
                if not replaced and _same_shape(item, solid):
                    shapes.append(translated)
                    replaced = True
                else:
                    shapes.append(item)
            if not replaced:
                raise RuntimeError(f"Could not locate solid {solid_id} inside part {part_id}.")
            part.shape = _compound_from_shapes(shapes)

        _ensure_valid_shape(part.shape)
        self.refresh_topology()
        return (
            f"Solid translated: solid {solid_id}, part {part_id}, vector={_format_tuple(vector)}, "
            f"distance={float(plan['translation_distance']):g}, risk={plan['risk']}."
        )

    def rotate_part_plan(self, part_id: int, axis: str, angle_degrees: float) -> dict[str, object]:
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")
        readiness = _rotation_readiness(axis, angle_degrees)
        return {
            "status": readiness["rotate_status"],
            "risk": readiness["rotate_risk"],
            "message": readiness["rotate_note"],
            "warnings": readiness["rotate_warnings"],
            "blockers": readiness["rotate_blockers"],
            "target_kind": "part",
            "part_id": part.id,
            "name": part.name,
            "rotation_axis": axis.upper(),
            "rotation_angle_degrees": angle_degrees,
            "rotation_center": _shape_center(part.shape),
            "bbox_diagonal": _shape_diagonal(part.shape),
        }

    def rotate_solid_plan(self, solid_id: int, axis: str, angle_degrees: float) -> dict[str, object]:
        if solid_id < 0 or solid_id >= len(self.solids):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown solid id {solid_id}")
        part_id, solid = self.solids[solid_id]
        readiness = _rotation_readiness(axis, angle_degrees)
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        part_solid_count = len(_explore(part.shape, TopAbs_SOLID)) if part is not None else 0
        warnings = readiness["rotate_warnings"]
        risk = readiness["rotate_risk"]
        status = readiness["rotate_status"]
        if part_solid_count <= 1 and status != "blocked":
            warnings = _join_nonempty(warnings, "当前 part 只有一个 solid，旋转 solid 实际会旋转整个 part shape。")
            if risk == "low":
                risk = "medium"
                status = "caution"
        return {
            "status": status,
            "risk": risk,
            "message": _join_nonempty(readiness["rotate_note"], warnings),
            "warnings": warnings,
            "blockers": readiness["rotate_blockers"],
            "target_kind": "solid",
            "part_id": part_id,
            "solid_id": solid_id,
            "part_solid_count": part_solid_count,
            "rotation_axis": axis.upper(),
            "rotation_angle_degrees": angle_degrees,
            "rotation_center": _shape_center(solid),
            "bbox_diagonal": _shape_diagonal(solid),
        }

    def rotate_part(self, part_id: int, axis: str, angle_degrees: float) -> str:
        plan = self.rotate_part_plan(part_id, axis, angle_degrees)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")
        part.shape = _rotated_shape(part.shape, str(plan["rotation_axis"]), float(plan["rotation_angle_degrees"]), plan["rotation_center"])
        _ensure_valid_shape(part.shape)
        self.refresh_topology()
        return (
            f"Part rotated: part {part_id}, axis={plan['rotation_axis']}, "
            f"angle={float(plan['rotation_angle_degrees']):g}, center={_format_tuple(plan['rotation_center'])}, "
            f"risk={plan['risk']}."
        )

    def rotate_solid(self, solid_id: int, axis: str, angle_degrees: float) -> str:
        plan = self.rotate_solid_plan(solid_id, axis, angle_degrees)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))
        part_id, solid = self.solids[solid_id]
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")

        part_solids = _explore(part.shape, TopAbs_SOLID)
        if len(part_solids) <= 1:
            part.shape = _rotated_shape(part.shape, str(plan["rotation_axis"]), float(plan["rotation_angle_degrees"]), plan["rotation_center"])
        else:
            rotated = _rotated_shape(solid, str(plan["rotation_axis"]), float(plan["rotation_angle_degrees"]), plan["rotation_center"])
            replaced = False
            shapes: list[TopoDS_Shape] = []
            for item in part_solids:
                if not replaced and _same_shape(item, solid):
                    shapes.append(rotated)
                    replaced = True
                else:
                    shapes.append(item)
            if not replaced:
                raise RuntimeError(f"Could not locate solid {solid_id} inside part {part_id}.")
            part.shape = _compound_from_shapes(shapes)

        _ensure_valid_shape(part.shape)
        self.refresh_topology()
        return (
            f"Solid rotated: solid {solid_id}, part {part_id}, axis={plan['rotation_axis']}, "
            f"angle={float(plan['rotation_angle_degrees']):g}, center={_format_tuple(plan['rotation_center'])}, "
            f"risk={plan['risk']}."
        )

    def edge_fillet_plan(self, edge_id: int, radius: float) -> dict[str, object]:
        if edge_id < 0 or edge_id >= len(self.edges):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown edge id {edge_id}")
        info = self.edge_info(edge_id)
        readiness = _edge_fillet_readiness(info, radius)
        part_id = int(info["part_id"])
        part_stats = None
        try:
            part_stats = self.part_topology_stats(part_id)
        except Exception:
            part_stats = None
        if part_stats is not None and part_stats.solids != 1:
            readiness = dict(readiness)
            if readiness["fillet_status"] != "blocked":
                readiness["fillet_status"] = "caution"
                readiness["fillet_risk"] = _max_risk(str(readiness["fillet_risk"]), "high")
                readiness["fillet_warnings"] = _join_nonempty(
                    readiness["fillet_warnings"],
                    f"当前零件包含 {part_stats.solids} 个 solid，边倒圆会作用在整个 part shape 上，请导出前检查结果。",
                )
                readiness["fillet_note"] = _join_nonempty(readiness["fillet_note"], readiness["fillet_warnings"])

        length = float(info.get("length", 0.0))
        radius_to_length_ratio = radius / max(length, 1e-9)
        return {
            "status": readiness["fillet_status"],
            "risk": readiness["fillet_risk"],
            "message": readiness["fillet_note"],
            "warnings": readiness["fillet_warnings"],
            "blockers": readiness["fillet_blockers"],
            "edge_id": edge_id,
            "part_id": info["part_id"],
            "solid_id": info.get("solid_id", -1),
            "curve": info.get("curve"),
            "edge_length": length,
            "target_radius": radius,
            "radius_to_length_ratio": radius_to_length_ratio,
            "adjacent_face_ids": info.get("adjacent_face_ids", ()),
            "adjacent_face_count": info.get("adjacent_face_count", 0),
            "start_point": info.get("start_point"),
            "end_point": info.get("end_point"),
            "direction": info.get("direction"),
        }

    def edge_chamfer_plan(self, edge_id: int, distance: float) -> dict[str, object]:
        if edge_id < 0 or edge_id >= len(self.edges):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown edge id {edge_id}")
        info = self.edge_info(edge_id)
        readiness = _edge_chamfer_readiness(info, distance)
        part_id = int(info["part_id"])
        part_stats = None
        try:
            part_stats = self.part_topology_stats(part_id)
        except Exception:
            part_stats = None
        if part_stats is not None and part_stats.solids != 1:
            readiness = dict(readiness)
            if readiness["chamfer_status"] != "blocked":
                readiness["chamfer_status"] = "caution"
                readiness["chamfer_risk"] = _max_risk(str(readiness["chamfer_risk"]), "high")
                readiness["chamfer_warnings"] = _join_nonempty(
                    readiness["chamfer_warnings"],
                    f"当前零件包含 {part_stats.solids} 个 solid，边倒角会作用在整个 part shape 上，请导出前检查结果。",
                )
                readiness["chamfer_note"] = _join_nonempty(readiness["chamfer_note"], readiness["chamfer_warnings"])

        length = float(info.get("length", 0.0))
        distance_to_length_ratio = distance / max(length, 1e-9)
        return {
            "status": readiness["chamfer_status"],
            "risk": readiness["chamfer_risk"],
            "message": readiness["chamfer_note"],
            "warnings": readiness["chamfer_warnings"],
            "blockers": readiness["chamfer_blockers"],
            "edge_id": edge_id,
            "part_id": info["part_id"],
            "solid_id": info.get("solid_id", -1),
            "curve": info.get("curve"),
            "edge_length": length,
            "target_distance": distance,
            "distance_to_length_ratio": distance_to_length_ratio,
            "adjacent_face_ids": info.get("adjacent_face_ids", ()),
            "adjacent_face_count": info.get("adjacent_face_count", 0),
            "start_point": info.get("start_point"),
            "end_point": info.get("end_point"),
            "direction": info.get("direction"),
        }

    def straight_edge_length_plan(self, edge_id: int, target_length: float) -> dict[str, object]:
        if edge_id < 0 or edge_id >= len(self.edges):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown edge id {edge_id}")
        info = self.edge_info(edge_id)
        current_length = float(info.get("length", 0.0))
        delta_length = float(target_length) - current_length
        base: dict[str, object] = {
            "edge_id": edge_id,
            "part_id": info.get("part_id"),
            "solid_id": info.get("solid_id", -1),
            "curve": info.get("curve"),
            "current_length": current_length,
            "target_length": target_length,
            "delta_length": delta_length,
            "length_change_ratio": abs(delta_length) / max(current_length, 1e-9),
            "start_point": info.get("start_point"),
            "end_point": info.get("end_point"),
            "direction": info.get("direction"),
            "resize_strategy": "move-edge-end-plane-by-push-pull",
        }

        warnings: list[str] = [
            "第一版边长调整是受限功能：只移动直线边端点附近的平面端面，不是通用参数化边长编辑。"
        ]
        blockers: list[str] = []
        risk = "low"
        status = "ready"

        if info.get("curve") != "line":
            blockers.append("当前 edge 不是直线，第一版不能调整长度。")
        if current_length <= 1e-9:
            blockers.append("当前 edge 长度无效。")
        if target_length <= 1e-9:
            blockers.append("目标边长必须大于 0。")
        if abs(delta_length) <= max(current_length * 1e-7, 1e-7):
            blockers.append("目标边长与当前边长几乎相同，不需要修改。")

        if not blockers:
            ratio = abs(delta_length) / max(current_length, 1e-9)
            if ratio > 0.5:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("长度变化超过当前边长的 50%，布尔运算失败或形状异常的概率较高。")
            elif ratio > 0.25:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
                warnings.append("长度变化超过当前边长的 25%，请确认预览范围。")

        candidate: dict[str, object] | None = None
        if not blockers:
            candidate = self._straight_edge_length_end_face_candidate(info, delta_length)
            if candidate is None:
                blockers.append("没有找到可用于改变这条直线边长度的平面端面。")
            else:
                base.update(candidate)
                push_plan = self.push_pull_plan(int(candidate["end_face_id"]), float(candidate["push_pull_distance"]))
                if push_plan["status"] == "blocked":
                    blockers.append(str(push_plan["message"]))
                else:
                    risk = _max_risk(risk, str(push_plan["risk"]))
                    push_warnings = str(push_plan.get("warnings", ""))
                    if push_warnings:
                        warnings.append(push_warnings)
                    base.update(
                        {
                            "push_pull_status": push_plan.get("status"),
                            "push_pull_risk": push_plan.get("risk"),
                            "push_pull_message": push_plan.get("message"),
                            "push_pull_scope_face_ids": push_plan.get("push_pull_scope_face_ids", ()),
                            "push_pull_scope_face_count": push_plan.get("push_pull_scope_face_count", 1),
                            "push_pull_scope_note": push_plan.get("push_pull_scope_note", ""),
                        }
                    )

        if blockers:
            status = "blocked"
            risk = "blocked"
            message = " ".join(blockers)
        elif risk != "low":
            status = "caution"
            message = " ".join(warnings)
        else:
            message = "可以尝试通过端面推拉调整这条直线边长度。"

        base.update(
            {
                "status": status,
                "risk": risk,
                "message": message,
                "warnings": "；".join(warnings),
                "blockers": "；".join(blockers),
            }
        )
        return base

    def _straight_edge_length_end_face_candidate(
        self,
        edge_info: dict[str, object],
        delta_length: float,
    ) -> dict[str, object] | None:
        start = _tuple_or_none(edge_info.get("start_point"))
        end = _tuple_or_none(edge_info.get("end_point"))
        if start is None or end is None:
            return None
        axis = _tuple_normalized(_tuple_sub(end, start))
        if axis is None:
            return None
        solid_id = int(edge_info.get("solid_id", -1))
        if solid_id < 0 or solid_id >= len(self.solids):
            return None
        solid = self.solids[solid_id][1]
        tolerance = max(_shape_diagonal(solid) * 1e-5, abs(delta_length) * 1e-5, 1e-4)
        candidates: list[tuple[float, dict[str, object]]] = []
        endpoint_specs = [
            ("起点端", start, _tuple_scale(axis, -delta_length)),
            ("终点端", end, _tuple_scale(axis, delta_length)),
        ]

        for endpoint_label, endpoint, desired_vector in endpoint_specs:
            desired_unit = _tuple_normalized(desired_vector)
            if desired_unit is None:
                continue
            for face_id, face in enumerate(self.faces):
                if self.face_solid_ids[face_id] != solid_id:
                    continue
                surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
                if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Plane:
                    continue
                plane = surf.Plane()
                plane_origin = _point_tuple(plane.Location())
                plane_normal = _tuple_normalized(_dir_tuple(plane.Axis().Direction()))
                if plane_normal is None:
                    continue
                plane_distance = abs(_tuple_dot(_tuple_sub(endpoint, plane_origin), plane_normal))
                if plane_distance > tolerance:
                    continue
                axis_alignment = abs(_tuple_dot(plane_normal, axis))
                if axis_alignment < 0.82:
                    continue
                face_info = self.face_info(face_id)
                outward = _tuple_normalized(_tuple_or_none(face_info.get("push_pull_outward_direction")))
                if outward is None:
                    continue
                movement_alignment = abs(_tuple_dot(outward, desired_unit))
                if movement_alignment < 0.82:
                    continue
                push_pull_distance = _tuple_dot(desired_vector, outward)
                if abs(push_pull_distance) <= 1e-9:
                    continue
                confidence_bonus = 0.0 if face_info.get("push_pull_confidence") == "high" else 0.2
                score = plane_distance / max(tolerance, 1e-9) + (1.0 - movement_alignment) + confidence_bonus
                candidates.append(
                    (
                        score,
                        {
                            "end_face_id": face_id,
                            "end_face_label": endpoint_label,
                            "end_face_plane_distance": plane_distance,
                            "end_face_axis_alignment": axis_alignment,
                            "end_face_movement_alignment": movement_alignment,
                            "end_face_outward_direction": outward,
                            "end_face_push_pull_confidence": face_info.get("push_pull_confidence", ""),
                            "push_pull_distance": push_pull_distance,
                            "desired_movement_vector": desired_vector,
                        },
                    )
                )
        if not candidates:
            return None
        candidates.sort(key=lambda item: item[0])
        return candidates[0][1]

    def existing_fillet_resize_plan(self, face_id: int, target_radius: float) -> dict[str, object]:
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown face id {face_id}")
        info = self.face_info(face_id)
        if info.get("surface") != "cylinder" or "radius" not in info:
            return {
                "status": "blocked",
                "risk": "blocked",
                "message": "当前选中的 face 不是圆柱圆角面，不能修改已有圆角半径。",
                "blockers": "当前选中的 face 不是圆柱圆角面。",
                "warnings": "",
                "face_id": face_id,
            }

        feature = self.feature_info(face_id)
        feature_guess = str(info.get("feature_guess", ""))
        current_radius = float(feature.get("existing_fillet_radius_estimate", info["radius"]))
        support_face_ids = tuple(feature.get("feature_existing_fillet_support_face_ids", ()))
        warnings: list[str] = []
        blockers: list[str] = []
        risk = "medium"
        status = "caution"

        if feature_guess != "round/fillet candidate":
            blockers.append("当前圆柱面没有被识别为已有圆角/倒圆候选。")
        if target_radius <= 0:
            blockers.append("目标圆角半径必须大于 0。")
        if current_radius <= 0:
            blockers.append("当前圆角半径估算无效。")
        if current_radius > 0 and abs(target_radius - current_radius) <= max(current_radius * 1e-5, 1e-6):
            blockers.append("目标圆角半径与当前估算半径几乎相同，不需要修改。")
        if len(support_face_ids) < 2:
            blockers.append("第一版只对识别到至少两个支撑 face 的已有圆角候选开放。")

        part_id = int(info.get("part_id", -1))
        part_stats = None
        try:
            part_stats = self.part_topology_stats(part_id)
        except Exception:
            part_stats = None
        if part_stats is not None and part_stats.solids != 1:
            blockers.append(
                f"当前零件包含 {part_stats.solids} 个 solid；已有圆角半径修改第一版只对单 solid 零件开放。"
            )

        height_estimate = float(info.get("height_estimate", 0.0))
        angular_span = float(info.get("angular_span", 0.0))
        radius_delta = target_radius - current_radius
        radius_delta_ratio = abs(radius_delta) / max(current_radius, 1e-9)
        if not blockers:
            if radius_delta_ratio > 1.0:
                risk = "high"
                warnings.append("目标半径变化超过当前半径的 100%，defeature/refillet 很可能失败。")
            elif radius_delta_ratio > 0.35:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("目标半径变化超过当前半径的 35%，请谨慎检查结果。")
            if height_estimate > 0 and target_radius > height_estimate * 0.5:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("目标半径超过圆角长度估算的一半，几何比例异常。")
            if angular_span > math.pi * 1.25:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("当前圆角圆弧跨度较大，可能不是普通边圆角。")
            if str(info.get("confidence", "low")) != "high":
                warnings.append("已有圆角识别置信度不是 high，执行结果需要重点检查。")

        if blockers:
            status = "blocked"
            risk = "blocked"
            message = " ".join(blockers + warnings)
        else:
            message = "将尝试先移除已有圆角面，再在恢复出的锐边上按目标半径重新倒圆。"
            if warnings:
                message += " " + " ".join(warnings)

        return {
            "status": status,
            "risk": risk,
            "message": message,
            "warnings": "；".join(warnings),
            "blockers": "；".join(blockers),
            "face_id": face_id,
            "part_id": info.get("part_id"),
            "solid_id": info.get("solid_id"),
            "feature_type": feature.get("feature_type"),
            "feature_guess": feature_guess,
            "confidence": info.get("confidence"),
            "current_radius": current_radius,
            "target_radius": target_radius,
            "delta_radius": radius_delta,
            "radius_delta_ratio": radius_delta_ratio,
            "height_estimate": info.get("height_estimate"),
            "angular_span": info.get("angular_span"),
            "axis_point": info.get("axis_point"),
            "axis": info.get("axis"),
            "feature_existing_fillet_support_face_ids": support_face_ids,
            "feature_boundary_edge_ids": feature.get("feature_boundary_edge_ids"),
            "resize_strategy": "defeature-existing-fillet-face-then-refillet-axis-edge",
            "resize_note": (
                "第一版已有圆角半径修改只支持由圆柱面表示的直线边圆角。"
                "执行后 face/edge ID 会重建，请重新选择对象确认结果。"
            ),
        }

    def push_pull_plan(self, face_id: int, distance: float) -> dict[str, object]:
        if face_id < 0 or face_id >= len(self.faces):
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown face id {face_id}")
        face = self.faces[face_id]
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Plane:
            return {
                "status": "blocked",
                "risk": "blocked",
                "message": "当前选中的 face 不是平面，不能执行推拉平面。",
                "blockers": "当前选中的 face 不是平面。",
                "warnings": "",
                "face_id": face_id,
                "part_id": self.face_part_ids[face_id],
                "solid_id": self.face_solid_ids[face_id],
                "distance": distance,
            }

        info = self.face_info(face_id)
        scope_face_ids = self._connected_coplanar_planar_face_ids(face_id)
        if len(scope_face_ids) > 1:
            scope_note = f"将一起推拉 {len(scope_face_ids)} 个共享边且共面的 face，减少 STEP 碎面导致的贴块缝。"
        else:
            scope_note = "只推拉当前 face。"
        direction_confidence = str(info.get("push_pull_confidence", "low"))
        bbox_diagonal = float(info.get("bbox_diagonal", 0.0))
        distance_abs = abs(distance)
        warnings: list[str] = []
        blockers: list[str] = []
        risk = "low"
        status = "ready"

        if distance_abs <= 1e-9:
            status = "blocked"
            risk = "blocked"
            blockers.append("推拉距离为 0，不需要修改。")
        if direction_confidence != "high":
            risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
            warnings.append("推拉方向判断置信度较低，可能不是期望的内外方向。")
        if bbox_diagonal > 0 and distance_abs > bbox_diagonal * 0.2:
            risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
            warnings.append("推拉距离超过当前 face 包围盒对角线的 20%，容易导致布尔失败或大范围变形。")
        elif bbox_diagonal > 0 and distance_abs > bbox_diagonal * 0.08:
            risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
            warnings.append("推拉距离相对当前 face 尺寸偏大，请确认预览范围。")

        if risk in {"medium", "high"} and status != "blocked":
            status = "caution"
        if blockers:
            message = " ".join(blockers + warnings)
        elif warnings:
            message = " ".join(warnings)
        else:
            message = "可以尝试推拉该平面。"

        return {
            "status": status,
            "risk": risk,
            "message": message,
            "warnings": "；".join(warnings),
            "blockers": "；".join(blockers),
            "face_id": face_id,
            "part_id": info["part_id"],
            "solid_id": info["solid_id"],
            "distance": distance,
            "surface": info.get("surface"),
            "area": info.get("area"),
            "bbox_diagonal": info.get("bbox_diagonal"),
            "outward_direction": info.get("push_pull_outward_direction"),
            "direction_confidence": direction_confidence,
            "direction_note": info.get("push_pull_note"),
            "push_pull_scope_face_ids": tuple(scope_face_ids),
            "push_pull_scope_face_count": len(scope_face_ids),
            "push_pull_scope_note": scope_note,
        }

    def cylindrical_resize_preview_polydata(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        new_diameter: float,
        deflection: float = 0.8,
    ) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
        plan = self.cylindrical_resize_plan(face_id, new_diameter)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))

        face = self.faces[face_id]
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Cylinder:
            raise ValueError("Cylinder resize preview currently supports cylindrical faces only.")

        direction = surf.Cylinder().Axis().Direction()
        previews: list[dict[str, object]] = []

        if plan["resize_mode"] == "shrink" and "fill_start_point" in plan:
            fill_start = gp_Pnt(*plan["fill_start_point"])
            fill_axis = gp_Ax2(fill_start, gp_Dir(direction.X(), direction.Y(), direction.Z()))
            filler = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(
                fill_axis,
                float(plan["fill_radius"]),
                float(plan["fill_height"]),
            ).Shape()
            BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh(filler, deflection)
            previews.append(
                {
                    "role": "fill",
                    "label": "补料预览",
                    "polydata": _shape_faces_polydata(filler),
                }
            )

        cutter_start = gp_Pnt(*plan["cutter_start_point"])
        cutter_axis = gp_Ax2(cutter_start, gp_Dir(direction.X(), direction.Y(), direction.Z()))
        cutter = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(
            cutter_axis,
            float(plan["cutter_radius"]),
            float(plan["cutter_height"]),
        ).Shape()
        BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh(cutter, deflection)
        previews.append(
            {
                "role": "cutter",
                "label": "切削预览",
                "polydata": _shape_faces_polydata(cutter),
            }
        )
        return previews

    def cylindrical_boss_resize_preview_polydata(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        new_diameter: float,
        deflection: float = 0.8,
    ) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
        plan = self.cylindrical_boss_resize_plan(face_id, new_diameter)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))

        start = gp_Pnt(*plan["boss_tool_start_point"])
        direction = gp_Dir(*plan["boss_tool_axis_direction"])
        axis = gp_Ax2(start, direction)
        height = float(plan["boss_tool_height"])
        if plan["resize_mode"] == "enlarge":
            tool = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(axis, float(plan["boss_tool_radius"]), height).Shape()
            BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh(tool, deflection)
            return [
                {
                    "role": "fill",
                    "label": "凸台扩大补料预览",
                    "polydata": _shape_faces_polydata(tool),
                }
            ]

        outer = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(axis, float(plan["boss_tool_outer_radius"]), height).Shape()
        inner = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(axis, float(plan["boss_tool_inner_radius"]), height).Shape()
        ring_cut = BRepAlgoAPI_Cut(outer, inner)
        ring = _finalize_boolean_result(ring_cut, "boss annular cutter preview")
        BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh(ring, deflection)
        return [
            {
                "role": "cutter",
                "label": "凸台缩小环形切削预览",
                "polydata": _shape_faces_polydata(ring),
            }
        ]

    def cylindrical_suppress_preview_polydata(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        deflection: float = 0.8,
    ) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
        plan = self.cylindrical_suppress_plan(face_id)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))

        face = self.faces[face_id]
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Cylinder:
            raise ValueError("Cylinder suppress preview currently supports cylindrical faces only.")

        direction = surf.Cylinder().Axis().Direction()
        fill_start = gp_Pnt(*plan["fill_start_point"])
        fill_axis = gp_Ax2(fill_start, gp_Dir(direction.X(), direction.Y(), direction.Z()))
        filler = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(
            fill_axis,
            float(plan["fill_radius"]),
            float(plan["fill_height"]),
        ).Shape()
        BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh(filler, deflection)
        return [
            {
                "role": "fill",
                "label": "封堵补料预览",
                "polydata": _shape_faces_polydata(filler),
            }
        ]

    def cylindrical_depth_preview_polydata(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        target_depth: float,
        deflection: float = 0.8,
    ) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
        plan = self.cylindrical_depth_plan(face_id, target_depth)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))

        start = gp_Pnt(*plan["depth_tool_start_point"])
        direction = gp_Dir(*plan["depth_axis_direction"])
        axis = gp_Ax2(start, direction)
        tool = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(
            axis,
            float(plan["depth_tool_radius"]),
            float(plan["depth_tool_height"]),
        ).Shape()
        BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh(tool, deflection)
        role = str(plan["depth_tool_role"])
        return [
            {
                "role": role,
                "label": "切削预览" if role == "cutter" else "补料预览",
                "polydata": _shape_faces_polydata(tool),
            }
        ]

    def existing_fillet_resize_preview_polydata(
        self,
        face_id: int,
        target_radius: float,
        deflection: float = 0.8,
    ) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
        plan = self.existing_fillet_resize_plan(face_id, target_radius)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))
        return [
            {
                "role": "remove",
                "label": "将移除并重建的已有圆角面",
                "polydata": self.build_face_polydata(face_ids=[face_id], deflection=deflection),
            }
        ]

    def push_pull_preview_polydata(self, face_id: int, distance: float, deflection: float = 0.8):
        plan = self.push_pull_plan(face_id, distance)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))
        face = self.faces[face_id]
        scope_face_ids = _int_values(plan.get("push_pull_scope_face_ids")) or [face_id]
        profile_shape = self._push_pull_profile_shape(scope_face_ids)
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Plane:
            raise ValueError("Push/pull preview currently supports planar faces only.")

        outward = plan["outward_direction"]
        vec = gp_Vec(
            float(outward[0]) * distance,
            float(outward[1]) * distance,
            float(outward[2]) * distance,
        )
        preview_shape = BRepPrimAPI_MakePrism(profile_shape, vec).Shape()
        BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh(preview_shape, deflection)
        return _shape_faces_polydata(preview_shape)

    def straight_edge_length_preview_polydata(self, edge_id: int, target_length: float, deflection: float = 0.8):
        plan = self.straight_edge_length_plan(edge_id, target_length)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))
        return self.push_pull_preview_polydata(int(plan["end_face_id"]), float(plan["push_pull_distance"]), deflection)

    def resize_straight_edge_length(self, edge_id: int, target_length: float) -> str:
        plan = self.straight_edge_length_plan(edge_id, target_length)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))
        push_result = self.push_pull_face(int(plan["end_face_id"]), float(plan["push_pull_distance"]))
        return (
            "Straight edge length resize completed: "
            f"edge {edge_id}, current_length={float(plan['current_length']):g}, "
            f"target_length={float(plan['target_length']):g}, "
            f"delta={float(plan['delta_length']):g}, "
            f"end_face={int(plan['end_face_id'])}, "
            f"push_pull_distance={float(plan['push_pull_distance']):g}, "
            f"risk={plan['risk']}. {push_result}"
        )

    def push_pull_face(self, face_id: int, distance: float) -> str:
        plan = self.push_pull_plan(face_id, distance)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))
        face = self.faces[face_id]
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Plane:
            raise ValueError("Push/pull currently supports planar faces only.")

        part_id = self.face_part_ids[face_id]
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")

        outward = plan["outward_direction"]
        scope_face_ids = _int_values(plan.get("push_pull_scope_face_ids")) or [face_id]
        profile_shape = self._push_pull_profile_shape(scope_face_ids)
        overlap = _boolean_overlap_distance(part.shape, distance)
        start_offset = -overlap if distance >= 0 else overlap
        tool_distance = distance + overlap if distance >= 0 else distance - overlap
        tool_face = _translated_shape(profile_shape, outward, start_offset)
        vec = gp_Vec(
            float(outward[0]) * tool_distance,
            float(outward[1]) * tool_distance,
            float(outward[2]) * tool_distance,
        )
        tool_shape = BRepPrimAPI_MakePrism(tool_face, vec).Shape()
        op = BRepAlgoAPI_Fuse(part.shape, tool_shape) if distance >= 0 else BRepAlgoAPI_Cut(part.shape, tool_shape)
        result = _finalize_boolean_result(op, "push/pull")
        result = _cleanup_push_pull_result(result, part.shape, profile_shape, distance)
        part.shape = result
        self.refresh_topology()
        action = "fused outward prism" if distance >= 0 else "cut inward prism"
        return (
            "Planar face push/pull completed: "
            f"{action}, semantic_distance={distance:g}, "
            f"tool_overlap={overlap:g}, "
            f"scope_faces={len(scope_face_ids)}, "
            f"outward_direction={_format_tuple(outward)}, "
            f"direction_confidence={plan['direction_confidence']}, "
            f"risk={plan['risk']}."
        )

    def resize_existing_fillet(self, face_id: int, target_radius: float) -> str:
        plan = self.existing_fillet_resize_plan(face_id, target_radius)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))

        part_id = int(plan["part_id"])
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")

        source_face = topods.Face(self.faces[face_id])
        defeatured = _defeature_faces(part.shape, [source_face])
        axis_point = gp_Pnt(*plan["axis_point"])
        axis_dir = gp_Dir(*plan["axis"])
        root_edges = _axis_aligned_edge_candidates(
            defeatured,
            axis_point,
            axis_dir,
            expected_length=float(plan.get("height_estimate") or 0.0),
            reference_radius=float(plan["current_radius"]),
        )
        if not root_edges:
            raise RuntimeError(
                "已尝试移除已有圆角面，但没有找到可重新倒圆的轴向锐边；"
                "该圆角可能不是简单直线边圆角。"
            )

        result = None
        failures: list[str] = []
        for index, root_edge in enumerate(root_edges[:16], start=1):
            try:
                maker = BRepFilletAPI_MakeFillet(defeatured)
                maker.Add(float(target_radius), topods.Edge(root_edge))
                result = _finalize_builder_result(maker, f"existing fillet resize candidate {index}")
                break
            except Exception as exc:
                failures.append(str(exc))
        if result is None:
            detail = failures[-1] if failures else "没有可用的候选边。"
            raise RuntimeError(
                "已移除已有圆角面，但所有候选锐边都无法重新倒圆；"
                f"该圆角可能是复杂 blend 或支撑面不适合重建。最后错误：{detail}"
            )

        part.shape = result
        self.refresh_topology()
        return (
            "Existing fillet radius resize completed: "
            f"face {face_id}, current_radius={float(plan['current_radius']):g}, "
            f"target_radius={target_radius:g}, "
            f"delta_radius={float(plan['delta_radius']):g}, "
            f"support_faces={plan.get('feature_existing_fillet_support_face_ids')}, "
            f"risk={plan['risk']}."
        )

    def fillet_edge(self, edge_id: int, radius: float) -> str:
        plan = self.edge_fillet_plan(edge_id, radius)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))

        part_id = self.edge_part_ids[edge_id]
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")

        maker = BRepFilletAPI_MakeFillet(part.shape)
        maker.Add(radius, topods.Edge(self.edges[edge_id]))
        result = _finalize_builder_result(maker, "edge fillet")
        part.shape = result
        self.refresh_topology()
        return (
            f"Edge fillet completed: edge {edge_id}, radius={radius:g}, "
            f"edge_length={float(plan['edge_length']):g}, "
            f"radius_to_length_ratio={float(plan['radius_to_length_ratio']):g}, "
            f"risk={plan['risk']}."
        )

    def chamfer_edge(self, edge_id: int, distance: float) -> str:
        plan = self.edge_chamfer_plan(edge_id, distance)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))

        part_id = self.edge_part_ids[edge_id]
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")

        maker = BRepFilletAPI_MakeChamfer(part.shape)
        maker.Add(distance, topods.Edge(self.edges[edge_id]))
        result = _finalize_builder_result(maker, "edge chamfer")
        part.shape = result
        self.refresh_topology()
        return (
            f"Edge chamfer completed: edge {edge_id}, distance={distance:g}, "
            f"edge_length={float(plan['edge_length']):g}, "
            f"distance_to_length_ratio={float(plan['distance_to_length_ratio']):g}, "
            f"risk={plan['risk']}."
        )

    def enlarge_cylindrical_hole(self, face_id: int, new_diameter: float) -> str:
        return self.resize_cylindrical_hole(face_id, new_diameter)

    def resize_cylindrical_hole(self, face_id: int, new_diameter: float) -> str:
        plan = self.cylindrical_resize_plan(face_id, new_diameter)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))

        face = self.faces[face_id]
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Cylinder:
            raise ValueError("Hole resize currently supports cylindrical faces only.")

        cyl = surf.Cylinder()
        old_radius = cyl.Radius()
        new_radius = new_diameter / 2.0
        if new_radius <= 0:
            raise ValueError("Target diameter must be greater than 0.")

        part_id = self.face_part_ids[face_id]
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")

        direction = cyl.Axis().Direction()
        source_shape = part.shape
        if plan["resize_mode"] == "shrink":
            fill_start = gp_Pnt(*plan["fill_start_point"])
            fill_axis = gp_Ax2(fill_start, gp_Dir(direction.X(), direction.Y(), direction.Z()))
            filler = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(
                fill_axis,
                float(plan["fill_radius"]),
                float(plan["fill_height"]),
            ).Shape()
            fuse = BRepAlgoAPI_Fuse(part.shape, filler)
            source_shape = _finalize_boolean_result(fuse, "cylinder fill/fuse")

        cutter_start = gp_Pnt(*plan["cutter_start_point"])
        cutter_axis = gp_Ax2(cutter_start, gp_Dir(direction.X(), direction.Y(), direction.Z()))
        cutter = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(cutter_axis, new_radius, float(plan["cutter_height"])).Shape()

        op = BRepAlgoAPI_Cut(source_shape, cutter)
        result = _finalize_boolean_result(op, "cylinder cut")
        part.shape = result
        self.refresh_topology()
        action = "enlarged by bounded cut" if plan["resize_mode"] == "enlarge" else "shrunk by fill and recut"
        return (
            f"Cylindrical resize completed: diameter {old_radius * 2.0:g} -> {new_diameter:g}, "
            f"mode={plan['resize_mode']}, action={action}, "
            f"risk={plan['risk']}, feature={plan['feature_guess']}, "
            f"cutter={plan['cutter_strategy']}, height={float(plan['cutter_height']):g}."
        )

    def resize_cylindrical_boss(self, face_id: int, new_diameter: float) -> str:
        plan = self.cylindrical_boss_resize_plan(face_id, new_diameter)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))

        part_id = self.face_part_ids[face_id]
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")

        start = gp_Pnt(*plan["boss_tool_start_point"])
        direction = gp_Dir(*plan["boss_tool_axis_direction"])
        axis = gp_Ax2(start, direction)
        height = float(plan["boss_tool_height"])
        if plan["resize_mode"] == "enlarge":
            tool = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(axis, float(plan["boss_tool_radius"]), height).Shape()
            op = BRepAlgoAPI_Fuse(part.shape, tool)
            result = _finalize_boolean_result(op, "cylindrical boss fuse")
            action = "enlarged by bounded fuse"
        else:
            outer = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(axis, float(plan["boss_tool_outer_radius"]), height).Shape()
            inner = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(axis, float(plan["boss_tool_inner_radius"]), height).Shape()
            ring_cut = BRepAlgoAPI_Cut(outer, inner)
            ring = _finalize_boolean_result(ring_cut, "cylindrical boss annular cutter")
            op = BRepAlgoAPI_Cut(part.shape, ring)
            result = _finalize_boolean_result(op, "cylindrical boss cut")
            action = "shrunk by bounded annular cut"

        part.shape = result
        self.refresh_topology()
        return (
            f"Cylindrical boss resize completed: diameter {float(plan['current_diameter']):g} -> {new_diameter:g}, "
            f"mode={plan['resize_mode']}, action={action}, risk={plan['risk']}, "
            f"feature={plan['feature_guess']}, tool={plan['boss_tool_strategy']}, "
            f"height={float(plan['boss_tool_height']):g}."
        )

    def suppress_cylindrical_hole(self, face_id: int) -> str:
        plan = self.cylindrical_suppress_plan(face_id)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))

        part_id = self.face_part_ids[face_id]
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")

        face = self.faces[face_id]
        surf = BRepAdaptor_Surface(face)
        if surf.GetType() != GeomAbs_Cylinder:
            raise ValueError("Cylinder suppress currently supports cylindrical faces only.")

        direction = surf.Cylinder().Axis().Direction()
        fill_start = gp_Pnt(*plan["fill_start_point"])
        fill_axis = gp_Ax2(fill_start, gp_Dir(direction.X(), direction.Y(), direction.Z()))
        filler = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(
            fill_axis,
            float(plan["fill_radius"]),
            float(plan["fill_height"]),
        ).Shape()
        fuse = BRepAlgoAPI_Fuse(part.shape, filler)
        result = _finalize_boolean_result(fuse, "cylinder suppress/fill")
        part.shape = result
        self.refresh_topology()
        return (
            f"Cylindrical hole suppress completed: face {face_id}, "
            f"diameter={float(plan['diameter']):g}, "
            f"height={float(plan['fill_height']):g}, "
            f"risk={plan['risk']}, feature={plan['feature_guess']}."
        )

    def resize_cylindrical_depth(self, face_id: int, target_depth: float) -> str:
        plan = self.cylindrical_depth_plan(face_id, target_depth)
        if plan["status"] == "blocked":
            raise ValueError(str(plan["message"]))

        part_id = self.face_part_ids[face_id]
        part = self.part_by_id(part_id)
        if part is None:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown part id {part_id}")

        start = gp_Pnt(*plan["depth_tool_start_point"])
        direction = gp_Dir(*plan["depth_axis_direction"])
        axis = gp_Ax2(start, direction)
        tool = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(
            axis,
            float(plan["depth_tool_radius"]),
            float(plan["depth_tool_height"]),
        ).Shape()
        if plan["depth_mode"] == "deepen":
            op = BRepAlgoAPI_Cut(part.shape, tool)
            result = _finalize_boolean_result(op, "blind depth cut")
            action = "deepened by bounded cut"
        else:
            op = BRepAlgoAPI_Fuse(part.shape, tool)
            result = _finalize_boolean_result(op, "blind depth fill/fuse")
            action = "made shallower by bounded fill"

        part.shape = result
        self.refresh_topology()
        return (
            f"Blind cylindrical depth completed: depth {float(plan['current_depth']):g} -> {target_depth:g}, "
            f"mode={plan['depth_mode']}, action={action}, "
            f"risk={plan['risk']}, feature={plan['feature_guess']}, "
            f"tool={plan['depth_tool_strategy']}, height={float(plan['depth_tool_height']):g}."
        )

    def build_face_polydata(
        self,
        face_ids: Iterable[int] | None = None,
        part_ids: Iterable[int] | None = None,
        deflection: float = 0.8,
    ):
        import vtk

        selected_faces = set(face_ids) if face_ids is not None else None
        selected_parts = set(part_ids) if part_ids is not None else None
        BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh(self.shape, deflection)

        points = vtk.vtkPoints()
        polys = vtk.vtkCellArray()
        face_arr = vtk.vtkIntArray()
        face_arr.SetName("face_id")
        part_arr = vtk.vtkIntArray()
        part_arr.SetName("part_id")
        solid_arr = vtk.vtkIntArray()
        solid_arr.SetName("solid_id")

        for face_id, face in enumerate(self.faces):
            part_id = self.face_part_ids[face_id]
            if selected_faces is not None and face_id not in selected_faces:
                continue
            if selected_parts is not None and part_id not in selected_parts:
                continue

            loc = TopLoc_Location()
            tri = BRep_Tool.Triangulation(topods.Face(face), loc)
            if tri is None:
                continue
            transform = loc.Transformation()
            node_offset = points.GetNumberOfPoints()
            for node_index in range(1, tri.NbNodes() + 1):
                pnt = tri.Node(node_index).Transformed(transform)
                points.InsertNextPoint(pnt.X(), pnt.Y(), pnt.Z())

            reversed_face = face.Orientation() == TopAbs_REVERSED
            for tri_index in range(1, tri.NbTriangles() + 1):
                n1, n2, n3 = tri.Triangle(tri_index).Get()
                if reversed_face:
                    n2, n3 = n3, n2
                vtk_tri = vtk.vtkTriangle()
                vtk_tri.GetPointIds().SetId(0, node_offset + n1 - 1)
                vtk_tri.GetPointIds().SetId(1, node_offset + n2 - 1)
                vtk_tri.GetPointIds().SetId(2, node_offset + n3 - 1)
                polys.InsertNextCell(vtk_tri)
                face_arr.InsertNextValue(face_id)
                part_arr.InsertNextValue(part_id)
                solid_arr.InsertNextValue(self.face_solid_ids[face_id])

        poly = vtk.vtkPolyData()
        poly.SetPoints(points)
        poly.SetPolys(polys)
        poly.GetCellData().AddArray(face_arr)
        poly.GetCellData().AddArray(part_arr)
        poly.GetCellData().AddArray(solid_arr)
        return poly

    def build_snapshot_polydata(self, snapshot: dict[int, TopoDS_Shape], deflection: float = 0.8):
        shape = _compound_from_shapes(snapshot.values())
        BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh(shape, deflection)
        return _shape_faces_polydata(shape)

    def build_edge_polydata(
        self,
        edge_ids: Iterable[int] | None = None,
        part_ids: Iterable[int] | None = None,
        deflection: float = 0.8,
    ):
        import vtk

        selected_edges = set(edge_ids) if edge_ids is not None else None
        selected_parts = set(part_ids) if part_ids is not None else None
        points = vtk.vtkPoints()
        lines = vtk.vtkCellArray()
        edge_arr = vtk.vtkIntArray()
        edge_arr.SetName("edge_id")
        part_arr = vtk.vtkIntArray()
        part_arr.SetName("part_id")

        for edge_id, edge in enumerate(self.edges):
            part_id = self.edge_part_ids[edge_id]
            if selected_edges is not None and edge_id not in selected_edges:
                continue
            if selected_parts is not None and part_id not in selected_parts:
                continue
            samples = discretize_edge(edge, deflection)
            if len(samples) < 2:
                continue
            polyline = vtk.vtkPolyLine()
            polyline.GetPointIds().SetNumberOfIds(len(samples))
            for i, coords in enumerate(samples):
                point_id = points.InsertNextPoint(float(coords[0]), float(coords[1]), float(coords[2]))
                polyline.GetPointIds().SetId(i, point_id)
            lines.InsertNextCell(polyline)
            edge_arr.InsertNextValue(edge_id)
            part_arr.InsertNextValue(part_id)

        poly = vtk.vtkPolyData()
        poly.SetPoints(points)
        poly.SetLines(lines)
        poly.GetCellData().AddArray(edge_arr)
        poly.GetCellData().AddArray(part_arr)
        return poly


def _load_with_xcaf(path: Path, product_names: list[str]) -> tuple[list[PartNode], TopoDS_Shape]:
    doc = TDocStd_Document("pythonocc-step-document")
    shape_tool = XCAFDoc_DocumentTool.ShapeTool(doc.Main())

    reader = STEPCAFControl_Reader()
    reader.SetColorMode(True)
    reader.SetLayerMode(True)
    reader.SetNameMode(True)
    reader.SetMatMode(True)
    reader.SetGDTMode(True)
    status = reader.ReadFile(str(path))
    if status != IFSelect_RetDone:
        raise ValueError(f"Could not read STEP file: {path}")
    if not reader.Transfer(doc):
        raise ValueError(f"Could not transfer STEP document: {path}")

    parts: list[PartNode] = []
    free_shapes = TDF_LabelSequence()
    shape_tool.GetFreeShapes(free_shapes)

    def next_name(label: TDF_Label, index: int) -> str:
        label_name = str(label.GetLabelName()).strip()
        if label_name:
            return label_name
        if index - 1 < len(product_names):
            return product_names[index - 1]
        return f"Part {index}"

    def add_node(
        name: str,
        kind: str,
        shape: TopoDS_Shape,
        parent_id: int | None,
        depth: int,
        path_text: str,
    ) -> PartNode:
        node = PartNode(len(parts) + 1, name, kind, shape, parent_id, depth, path_text)
        parts.append(node)
        return node

    def transformed_shape(label: TDF_Label, locations: list[TopLoc_Location]) -> TopoDS_Shape:
        shape = shape_tool.GetShape(label)
        if shape.IsNull() or not locations:
            return shape
        location = TopLoc_Location()
        for loc in locations:
            location = location.Multiplied(loc)
        return BRepBuilderAPI_Transform(shape, location.Transformation()).Shape()

    def walk(label: TDF_Label, parent_id: int | None, depth: int, locations: list[TopLoc_Location], path_names: list[str]):
        name = next_name(label, len(parts) + 1)
        label_path = " / ".join(path_names + [name])

        if shape_tool.IsAssembly(label):
            node = add_node(name, "assembly", transformed_shape(label, locations), parent_id, depth, label_path)
            components = TDF_LabelSequence()
            shape_tool.GetComponents(label, components)
            for i in range(1, components.Length() + 1):
                component = components.Value(i)
                if shape_tool.IsReference(component):
                    referred = TDF_Label()
                    shape_tool.GetReferredShape(component, referred)
                    loc = shape_tool.GetLocation(component)
                    walk(referred, node.id, depth + 1, locations + [loc], path_names + [name])
                else:
                    walk(component, node.id, depth + 1, locations, path_names + [name])
            return

        if shape_tool.IsSimpleShape(label) or shape_tool.IsShape(label):
            add_node(name, "part", transformed_shape(label, locations), parent_id, depth, label_path)

    for i in range(1, free_shapes.Length() + 1):
        walk(free_shapes.Value(i), None, 0, [], [])

    display_shapes = [p.shape for p in parts if p.kind == "part" and not p.shape.IsNull()]
    if not display_shapes:
        display_shapes = [p.shape for p in parts if not p.shape.IsNull()]
    return parts, _compound_from_shapes(display_shapes)


def _load_plain_step(path: Path) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    reader = STEPControl_Reader()
    status = reader.ReadFile(str(path))
    if status != IFSelect_RetDone:
        raise ValueError(f"Could not read STEP file: {path}")
    if not reader.TransferRoots():
        raise ValueError(f"Could not transfer STEP roots: {path}")
    return reader.Shape()


def _parse_product_names(path: Path) -> list[str]:
    text = path.read_text(errors="ignore")
    names = re.findall(r"PRODUCT\('((?:''|[^'])*)'", text)
    return [name.replace("''", "'") for name in names if name.strip()]


def _write_step(shape: TopoDS_Shape, filename: Path) -> None:
    if shape.IsNull():
        raise ValueError("Cannot export a null shape.")
    filename.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    Interface_Static.SetCVal("write.step.schema", "AP214IS")
    writer = STEPControl_Writer()
    writer.Transfer(shape, STEPControl_AsIs)
    status = writer.Write(str(filename))
    if status != IFSelect_RetDone:
        raise IOError(f"Could not write STEP file: {filename}")


def _prepare_shape_for_step_export(shape: TopoDS_Shape) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    if shape.IsNull():
        return shape
    try:
        repaired = _repair_shape(shape)
        unified = _unify_same_domain_shape(repaired)
        repaired_unified = _repair_shape(unified)
        if repaired_unified.IsNull():
            return shape
        return repaired_unified
    except Exception:
        return shape


def _compound_from_shapes(shapes: Iterable[TopoDS_Shape]) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    from OCC.Core.BRep import BRep_Builder

    valid_shapes = [shape for shape in shapes if not shape.IsNull()]
    if len(valid_shapes) == 1:
        return valid_shapes[0]

    compound = TopoDS_Compound()
    builder = BRep_Builder()
    builder.MakeCompound(compound)
    for shape in valid_shapes:
        builder.Add(compound, shape)
    return compound


def _explore(shape: TopoDS_Shape, shape_type: int) -> list[TopoDS_Shape]:
    items: list[TopoDS_Shape] = []
    explorer = TopExp_Explorer(shape, shape_type)
    while explorer.More():
        current = explorer.Current()
        if shape_type == TopAbs_FACE:
            items.append(topods.Face(current))
        elif shape_type == TopAbs_EDGE:
            items.append(topods.Edge(current))
        elif shape_type == TopAbs_SOLID:
            items.append(topods.Solid(current))
        else:
            items.append(current)
        explorer.Next()
    return items


def _same_shape(left: TopoDS_Shape, right: TopoDS_Shape) -> bool:
    try:
        return bool(left.IsSame(right))
    except Exception:
        return False


def _surfaces_are_coplanar(left: BRepAdaptor_Surface, right: BRepAdaptor_Surface, tolerance: float) -> bool:
    if left.GetType() != GeomAbs_Plane or right.GetType() != GeomAbs_Plane:
        return False
    left_plane = left.Plane()
    right_plane = right.Plane()
    left_dir = left_plane.Axis().Direction()
    right_dir = right_plane.Axis().Direction()
    dot = abs(
        left_dir.X() * right_dir.X()
        + left_dir.Y() * right_dir.Y()
        + left_dir.Z() * right_dir.Z()
    )
    if dot < 1.0 - 1e-7:
        return False
    left_point = left_plane.Location()
    right_point = right_plane.Location()
    distance = abs(
        (right_point.X() - left_point.X()) * left_dir.X()
        + (right_point.Y() - left_point.Y()) * left_dir.Y()
        + (right_point.Z() - left_point.Z()) * left_dir.Z()
    )
    return distance <= tolerance


def _mapped_edge_solid_id(
    edge: TopoDS_Shape,
    solid_edge_maps: list[tuple[int, TopTools_IndexedDataMapOfShapeListOfShape]],
) -> int:
    for solid_id, edge_map in solid_edge_maps:
        if edge_map.Contains(edge):
            return solid_id
    return -1


def _shape_quality_info(label: str, shape: TopoDS_Shape, expect_solid: bool) -> dict[str, object]:
    warnings: list[str] = []
    if shape.IsNull():
        return {
            "quality_label": label,
            "quality_status": "blocked",
            "brep_valid": False,
            "solids": 0,
            "faces": 0,
            "edges": 0,
            "vertices": 0,
            "quality_warnings": "导出对象是空 shape，不能可靠导出。",
        }

    try:
        brep_valid = BRepCheck_Analyzer(shape).IsValid()
    except Exception as exc:
        brep_valid = False
        warnings.append(f"B-Rep 校验执行失败：{exc}")

    topo = TopologyExplorer(shape, ignore_orientation=True)
    solids = len(list(topo.solids()))
    faces = len(list(topo.faces()))
    edges = len(list(topo.edges()))
    vertices = len(list(topo.vertices()))

    if not brep_valid:
        warnings.append("B-Rep 校验未通过，导出后其他 CAD 软件可能无法正常识别。")
    if faces == 0:
        warnings.append("没有检测到 face，导出结果可能不可用。")
    if expect_solid and solids == 0:
        warnings.append("没有检测到 solid，导出后可能不是实体。")
    elif expect_solid and solids > 1:
        warnings.append(
            f"检测到 {solids} 个 solid。"
            "如果这不是有意的多实体零件，导出后可能看起来像多个体叠在一起或彼此分离。"
        )

    geometry_info = _shape_volume_info(shape)
    volume = geometry_info.get("volume", "")
    if expect_solid and isinstance(volume, (int, float)) and abs(float(volume)) <= 1e-9:
        warnings.append("实体体积接近 0，请确认导出对象是否为有效实体。")

    bounds_info = _shape_bounds_info(shape)
    return {
        "quality_label": label,
        "quality_status": "warning" if warnings else "ok",
        "brep_valid": brep_valid,
        "solids": solids,
        "faces": faces,
        "edges": edges,
        "vertices": vertices,
        "volume": volume,
        "bbox_diagonal": bounds_info.get("bbox_diagonal", ""),
        "quality_warnings": "；".join(warnings),
    }


def _shape_faces_polydata(shape: TopoDS_Shape):
    import vtk

    points = vtk.vtkPoints()
    polys = vtk.vtkCellArray()
    for face in _explore(shape, TopAbs_FACE):
        loc = TopLoc_Location()
        tri = BRep_Tool.Triangulation(topods.Face(face), loc)
        if tri is None:
            continue
        transform = loc.Transformation()
        node_offset = points.GetNumberOfPoints()
        for node_index in range(1, tri.NbNodes() + 1):
            pnt = tri.Node(node_index).Transformed(transform)
            points.InsertNextPoint(pnt.X(), pnt.Y(), pnt.Z())

        reversed_face = face.Orientation() == TopAbs_REVERSED
        for tri_index in range(1, tri.NbTriangles() + 1):
            n1, n2, n3 = tri.Triangle(tri_index).Get()
            if reversed_face:
                n2, n3 = n3, n2
            vtk_tri = vtk.vtkTriangle()
            vtk_tri.GetPointIds().SetId(0, node_offset + n1 - 1)
            vtk_tri.GetPointIds().SetId(1, node_offset + n2 - 1)
            vtk_tri.GetPointIds().SetId(2, node_offset + n3 - 1)
            polys.InsertNextCell(vtk_tri)

    poly = vtk.vtkPolyData()
    poly.SetPoints(points)
    poly.SetPolys(polys)
    return poly


def _shape_bounds(shape: TopoDS_Shape) -> tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float]:
    box = Bnd_Box()
    brepbndlib.Add(shape, box)
    return box.Get()


def _shape_bounds_info(shape: TopoDS_Shape) -> dict[str, object]:
    xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax = _shape_bounds(shape)
    dx = xmax - xmin
    dy = ymax - ymin
    dz = zmax - zmin
    return {
        "bbox_min": (xmin, ymin, zmin),
        "bbox_max": (xmax, ymax, zmax),
        "bbox_size": (dx, dy, dz),
        "bbox_diagonal": math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz),
    }


def _shape_volume_info(shape: TopoDS_Shape) -> dict[str, object]:
    props = GProp_GProps()
    try:
        brepgprop.VolumeProperties(shape, props)
    except Exception:
        return {"volume": "unavailable"}
    volume = props.Mass()
    info: dict[str, object] = {"volume": volume}
    if abs(volume) > 1e-9:
        info["center_of_mass"] = _point_tuple(props.CentreOfMass())
    return info


def _shape_diagonal(shape: TopoDS_Shape) -> float:
    xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax = _shape_bounds(shape)
    return math.sqrt((xmax - xmin) ** 2 + (ymax - ymin) ** 2 + (zmax - zmin) ** 2)


def _shape_center(shape: TopoDS_Shape) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
    xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax = _shape_bounds(shape)
    return ((xmin + xmax) / 2.0, (ymin + ymax) / 2.0, (zmin + zmax) / 2.0)


def _translated_shape(shape: TopoDS_Shape, direction: tuple[float, float, float], distance: float) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    if abs(distance) <= 1e-12:
        return shape
    trsf = gp_Trsf()
    trsf.SetTranslation(
        gp_Vec(
            float(direction[0]) * distance,
            float(direction[1]) * distance,
            float(direction[2]) * distance,
        )
    )
    return BRepBuilderAPI_Transform(shape, trsf, True).Shape()


def _translated_shape_by_vector(shape: TopoDS_Shape, vector: tuple[float, float, float]) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    if _vector_length(vector) <= 1e-12:
        return shape
    trsf = gp_Trsf()
    trsf.SetTranslation(gp_Vec(float(vector[0]), float(vector[1]), float(vector[2])))
    return BRepBuilderAPI_Transform(shape, trsf, True).Shape()


def _rotated_shape(
    shape: TopoDS_Shape,
    axis_name: str,
    angle_degrees: float,
    center: tuple[float, float, float],
) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    if abs(angle_degrees) <= 1e-12:
        return shape
    axis_dir = _axis_dir_from_name(axis_name)
    trsf = gp_Trsf()
    trsf.SetRotation(gp_Ax1(gp_Pnt(*center), axis_dir), math.radians(angle_degrees))
    return BRepBuilderAPI_Transform(shape, trsf, True).Shape()


def _axis_dir_from_name(axis_name: str) -> gp_Dir:
    axis = axis_name.upper()
    if axis == "X":
        return gp_Dir(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
    if axis == "Y":
        return gp_Dir(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
    if axis == "Z":
        return gp_Dir(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
    raise ValueError("Rotation axis must be X, Y or Z.")


def _vector_length(vector: tuple[float, float, float]) -> float:
    return math.sqrt(float(vector[0]) ** 2 + float(vector[1]) ** 2 + float(vector[2]) ** 2)


def _tuple_or_none(value: object) -> tuple[float, float, float] | None:
    if not isinstance(value, (list, tuple)) or len(value) != 3:
        return None
    try:
        return (float(value[0]), float(value[1]), float(value[2]))
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return None


def _tuple_sub(left: tuple[float, float, float], right: tuple[float, float, float]) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
    return (left[0] - right[0], left[1] - right[1], left[2] - right[2])


def _tuple_scale(values: tuple[float, float, float], scale: float) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
    return (values[0] * scale, values[1] * scale, values[2] * scale)


def _tuple_dot(left: tuple[float, float, float], right: tuple[float, float, float]) -> float:
    return left[0] * right[0] + left[1] * right[1] + left[2] * right[2]


def _tuple_normalized(value: tuple[float, float, float] | None) -> tuple[float, float, float] | None:
    if value is None:
        return None
    length = _vector_length(value)
    if length <= 1e-12:
        return None
    return (value[0] / length, value[1] / length, value[2] / length)


def _rotation_readiness(axis_name: str, angle_degrees: float) -> dict[str, object]:
    risk = "low"
    status = "ready"
    warnings: list[str] = []
    blockers: list[str] = []
    axis = axis_name.upper()

    if axis not in {"X", "Y", "Z"}:
        status = "blocked"
        risk = "blocked"
        blockers.append("旋转轴必须是 X、Y 或 Z。")
    if abs(angle_degrees) <= 1e-9:
        status = "blocked"
        risk = "blocked"
        blockers.append("旋转角度为 0，不需要修改。")
    if abs(angle_degrees) > 360.0:
        risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
        warnings.append("旋转角度超过 360 度，请确认输入是否符合预期。")

    if blockers:
        note = " ".join(blockers + warnings)
    elif warnings:
        status = "caution"
        note = " ".join(warnings)
    else:
        note = "可以尝试旋转当前对象。"
    return {
        "rotate_status": status,
        "rotate_risk": risk,
        "rotate_warnings": "；".join(warnings),
        "rotate_blockers": "；".join(blockers),
        "rotate_note": note,
    }


def _translation_readiness(vector: tuple[float, float, float], shape: TopoDS_Shape) -> dict[str, object]:
    risk = "low"
    status = "ready"
    warnings: list[str] = []
    blockers: list[str] = []
    distance = _vector_length(vector)
    diagonal = _shape_diagonal(shape)

    if distance <= 1e-9:
        status = "blocked"
        risk = "blocked"
        blockers.append("平移向量为 0，不需要修改。")
    elif diagonal > 1e-9:
        ratio = distance / diagonal
        if ratio > 2.0:
            risk = "high"
            warnings.append("平移距离超过目标包围盒对角线的 2 倍，请确认单位和方向。")
        elif ratio > 0.5:
            risk = "medium"
            warnings.append("平移距离超过目标包围盒对角线的 50%，请确认单位和方向。")

    if blockers:
        note = " ".join(blockers + warnings)
    elif warnings:
        status = "caution"
        note = " ".join(warnings)
    else:
        note = "可以尝试平移当前对象。"
    return {
        "translate_status": status,
        "translate_risk": risk,
        "translate_warnings": "；".join(warnings),
        "translate_blockers": "；".join(blockers),
        "translate_note": note,
    }


def _boolean_overlap_distance(shape: TopoDS_Shape, requested_distance: float) -> float:
    diagonal = _shape_diagonal(shape)
    size_based = diagonal * 1e-5 if diagonal > 0 else 0.01
    distance_based = abs(requested_distance) * 0.02
    return min(max(size_based, distance_based, 0.001), max(abs(requested_distance) * 0.25, 0.01))


def _shape_cleaning_tolerance(
    source_shape: TopoDS_Shape,
    profile_shape: TopoDS_Shape,
    requested_distance: float,
) -> float:
    source_diagonal = _shape_diagonal(source_shape)
    profile_diagonal = _shape_diagonal(profile_shape)
    reference = max(source_diagonal, profile_diagonal, abs(requested_distance), 1.0)
    size_based = reference * 1e-7
    distance_based = abs(requested_distance) * 1e-5
    lower = max(size_based, distance_based, 1e-5)
    upper = max(reference * 1e-4, 0.02)
    return min(lower, upper)


def _topology_shape_count(shape: TopoDS_Shape, shape_type) -> int:
    explorer = TopExp_Explorer(shape, shape_type)
    count = 0
    while explorer.More():
        count += 1
        explorer.Next()
    return count


def _defeature_faces(shape: TopoDS_Shape, faces: Iterable[TopoDS_Shape]) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    builder = BRepAlgoAPI_Defeaturing()
    builder.SetShape(shape)
    for face in faces:
        builder.AddFaceToRemove(topods.Face(face))
    return _finalize_builder_result(builder, "existing fillet defeature")


def _find_axis_aligned_edge(
    shape: TopoDS_Shape,
    axis_point: gp_Pnt,
    axis_dir: gp_Dir,
    expected_length: float,
    reference_radius: float,
) -> TopoDS_Shape | None:
    candidates = _axis_aligned_edge_candidates(shape, axis_point, axis_dir, expected_length, reference_radius)
    return candidates[0] if candidates else None


def _axis_aligned_edge_candidates(
    shape: TopoDS_Shape,
    axis_point: gp_Pnt,
    axis_dir: gp_Dir,
    expected_length: float,
    reference_radius: float,
) -> list[TopoDS_Shape]:
    candidates: list[tuple[float, TopoDS_Shape]] = []
    length_reference = max(expected_length, reference_radius, 1.0)
    distance_limit = max(reference_radius * 1.25, length_reference * 0.08, 0.2)

    for edge in TopologyExplorer(shape, ignore_orientation=True).edges():
        try:
            curve = BRepAdaptor_Curve(edge)
            if curve.GetType() != GeomAbs_Line:
                continue
            line = curve.Line()
            parallel = abs(_direction_dot(line.Direction(), axis_dir))
            if parallel < 0.96:
                continue

            props = GProp_GProps()
            brepgprop.LinearProperties(edge, props)
            edge_length = props.Mass()
            if edge_length <= 1e-9:
                continue

            line_distance = _point_axis_distance(axis_point, axis_dir, line.Location())
            center_distance = _point_axis_distance(axis_point, axis_dir, props.CentreOfMass())
            length_penalty = 0.0
            if expected_length > 1e-9:
                length_penalty = abs(edge_length - expected_length) / expected_length
            score = max(line_distance, center_distance) + length_penalty * max(reference_radius * 0.15, 0.05)
            if score <= distance_limit:
                candidates.append((score, edge))
        except Exception:
            continue

    candidates.sort(key=lambda item: item[0])
    return [edge for _score, edge in candidates]


def _finalize_boolean_result(op, operation_name: str) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    op.SetNonDestructive(True)
    op.Build()
    if not op.IsDone():
        raise RuntimeError(f"{operation_name} Boolean operation failed.")
    raw_result = _ensure_valid_or_repaired_shape(op.Shape(), operation_name)
    try:
        op.SimplifyResult(True, True)
        simplified = _ensure_valid_or_repaired_shape(
            op.Shape(), f"{operation_name} simplify"
        )
        unified = _unify_same_domain_shape(simplified)
        return _ensure_valid_or_repaired_shape(unified, f"{operation_name} unify")
    except Exception:
        unified = _unify_same_domain_shape(raw_result)
        return _ensure_valid_or_repaired_shape(unified, f"{operation_name} unify")


def _finalize_builder_result(builder, operation_name: str) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    builder.Build()
    if hasattr(builder, "IsDone") and not builder.IsDone():
        raise RuntimeError(f"{operation_name} operation failed.")
    result = _ensure_valid_or_repaired_shape(builder.Shape(), operation_name)
    unified = _unify_same_domain_shape(result)
    return _ensure_valid_or_repaired_shape(unified, f"{operation_name} unify")


def _cleanup_push_pull_result(
    result: TopoDS_Shape,
    source_shape: TopoDS_Shape,
    profile_shape: TopoDS_Shape,
    distance: float,
) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    base_tolerance = _shape_cleaning_tolerance(source_shape, profile_shape, distance)
    cleaned = result
    for multiplier in (1.0, 5.0, 20.0):
        tolerance = base_tolerance * multiplier
        candidate = _unify_same_domain_shape(
            cleaned,
            linear_tolerance=tolerance,
            angular_tolerance=1e-5,
            allow_internal_edges=False,
        )
        candidate = _ensure_valid_or_repaired_shape(candidate, f"push/pull cleanup {multiplier:g}x")
        if _topology_shape_count(candidate, TopAbs_SOLID) == _topology_shape_count(result, TopAbs_SOLID):
            cleaned = candidate
    return cleaned


def _unify_same_domain_shape(
    shape: TopoDS_Shape,
    linear_tolerance: float | None = None,
    angular_tolerance: float | None = None,
    allow_internal_edges: bool = False,
) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    try:
        unifier = ShapeUpgrade_UnifySameDomain(shape, True, True, False)
        unifier.SetSafeInputMode(True)
        if hasattr(unifier, "AllowInternalEdges"):
            unifier.AllowInternalEdges(allow_internal_edges)
        if linear_tolerance is not None and hasattr(unifier, "SetLinearTolerance"):
            unifier.SetLinearTolerance(max(float(linear_tolerance), 0.0))
        if angular_tolerance is not None and hasattr(unifier, "SetAngularTolerance"):
            unifier.SetAngularTolerance(max(float(angular_tolerance), 0.0))
        unifier.Build()
        unified = unifier.Shape()
        _ensure_valid_shape(unified)
        return unified
    except Exception:
        return shape


def _ensure_valid_or_repaired_shape(
    shape: TopoDS_Shape, operation_name: str
) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    try:
        _ensure_valid_shape(shape)
        return shape
    except RuntimeError as original_error:
        repaired = _repair_shape(shape)
        try:
            _ensure_valid_shape(repaired)
            return repaired
        except RuntimeError:
            raise RuntimeError(
                f"{operation_name} returned an invalid B-Rep shape, and automatic repair did not fix it."
            ) from original_error


def _repair_shape(shape: TopoDS_Shape) -> TopoDS_Shape:
    if shape.IsNull():
        return shape
    try:
        fixer = ShapeFix_Shape(shape)
        fixer.Perform()
        repaired = fixer.Shape()
        if repaired.IsNull():
            return shape
        return repaired
    except Exception:
        return shape


def _ensure_valid_shape(shape: TopoDS_Shape) -> None:
    if shape.IsNull():
        raise RuntimeError("Operation returned a null shape.")
    analyzer = BRepCheck_Analyzer(shape)
    if not analyzer.IsValid():
        raise RuntimeError("Operation returned an invalid B-Rep shape.")


def _solid_state(solid: TopoDS_Shape, point: gp_Pnt) -> str:
    classifier = BRepClass3d_SolidClassifier(solid, point, 1e-6)
    state = classifier.State()
    if state == TopAbs_IN:
        return "inside"
    if state == TopAbs_OUT:
        return "outside"
    return "on/unknown"


def _state_summary(states: list[str]) -> str:
    if not states:
        return "unknown"
    counts: dict[str, int] = {}
    for state in states:
        counts[state] = counts.get(state, 0) + 1
    if len(counts) == 1:
        return states[0]
    return ", ".join(f"{state}:{count}" for state, count in sorted(counts.items()))


def _cylinder_resize_readiness(
    info: dict[str, object],
    new_diameter: float | None = None,
) -> dict[str, object]:
    risk = "low"
    status = "ready"
    warnings: list[str] = []
    blockers: list[str] = []
    guess = str(info.get("feature_guess", "cylindrical face"))
    confidence = str(info.get("confidence", "low"))
    angular_span = float(info.get("angular_span", 0.0))

    if guess == "round/fillet candidate":
        risk = "high"
        warnings.append("当前圆柱面更像圆角/倒圆，调整圆柱孔径很可能误切圆角。")
    elif guess == "boss/outer-round candidate":
        risk = "high"
        warnings.append("当前圆柱面更像凸柱或外圆，调整圆柱孔径可能切掉外部结构。")
    elif guess != "hole/groove candidate":
        risk = "high"
        warnings.append("当前圆柱面还没有被识别为孔/槽候选。")

    if guess == "hole/groove candidate" and confidence == "low":
        risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
        warnings.append("孔/槽判断置信度较低。")
    if guess == "hole/groove candidate" and angular_span < math.tau * 0.92:
        risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
        warnings.append("这是局部圆柱面，更像槽或半孔，不是完整圆孔。")

    if new_diameter is not None:
        current_diameter = float(info.get("diameter", 0.0))
        height_estimate = float(info.get("height_estimate", 0.0))
        if new_diameter <= 0:
            status = "blocked"
            risk = "blocked"
            blockers.append("目标直径必须大于 0。")
        elif abs(new_diameter - current_diameter) <= max(current_diameter * 1e-5, 1e-6):
            status = "blocked"
            risk = "blocked"
            blockers.append("目标直径与当前直径几乎相同，不需要修改。")
        else:
            diameter_delta = abs(new_diameter - current_diameter)
            delta_ratio = diameter_delta / max(current_diameter, 1e-9)
            if delta_ratio > 1.0:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("目标直径变化超过当前直径的 100%，很可能导致大范围误切或布尔失败。")
            elif delta_ratio > 0.35:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
                warnings.append("目标直径变化超过当前直径的 35%，请确认预览范围。")

            if height_estimate > 0 and new_diameter > height_estimate * 2.0:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("目标直径超过圆柱面估算高度的 2 倍，几何比例异常。")
            elif height_estimate > 0 and new_diameter > height_estimate:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
                warnings.append("目标直径超过圆柱面估算高度，可能不是常规孔径修改。")

            if new_diameter < current_diameter:
                if guess != "hole/groove candidate":
                    status = "blocked"
                    risk = "blocked"
                    blockers.append("缩小孔径第一版只支持孔/槽候选，不支持圆角、凸柱或未明确圆柱面。")
                else:
                    risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                    warnings.append("缩小孔径会先补料再重切，属于高风险实验功能。")

    if risk in {"medium", "high"} and status != "blocked":
        status = "caution"
    if not warnings and not blockers:
        note = "可以尝试调整圆柱孔径。"
    else:
        note = " ".join(blockers + warnings)
    return {
        "resize_status": status,
        "resize_risk": risk,
        "resize_warnings": "；".join(warnings),
        "resize_blockers": "；".join(blockers),
        "resize_note": note,
    }


def _cylinder_boss_resize_readiness(
    info: dict[str, object],
    new_diameter: float | None = None,
) -> dict[str, object]:
    risk = "low"
    status = "ready"
    warnings: list[str] = []
    blockers: list[str] = []
    guess = str(info.get("feature_guess", "cylindrical face"))
    confidence = str(info.get("confidence", "low"))
    angular_span = float(info.get("angular_span", 0.0))
    current_diameter = float(info.get("diameter", 0.0))
    height_estimate = float(info.get("height_estimate", 0.0))

    if guess != "boss/outer-round candidate":
        blockers.append("凸台直径调整第一版只支持明确的凸台/外圆柱候选。")
    if angular_span < math.tau * 0.92:
        blockers.append("凸台直径调整第一版只支持接近完整圆柱的凸台，不处理局部外圆角或圆角面。")
    if current_diameter <= 1e-9:
        blockers.append("当前圆柱面的直径估算无效。")

    if guess == "boss/outer-round candidate" and confidence != "high":
        risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
        warnings.append("凸台判断置信度不是 high，修改后请重点检查结果。")

    if new_diameter is not None:
        if new_diameter <= 0:
            blockers.append("目标凸台直径必须大于 0。")
        elif current_diameter > 1e-9 and abs(new_diameter - current_diameter) <= max(current_diameter * 1e-5, 1e-6):
            blockers.append("目标凸台直径与当前直径几乎相同，不需要修改。")
        elif current_diameter > 1e-9:
            delta_ratio = abs(new_diameter - current_diameter) / current_diameter
            if delta_ratio > 0.8:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("目标凸台直径变化超过当前直径的 80%，很可能导致大范围布尔失败。")
            elif delta_ratio > 0.3:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
                warnings.append("目标凸台直径变化超过当前直径的 30%，请确认预览范围。")
            if new_diameter < current_diameter * 0.15:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("目标凸台直径非常小，可能生成很薄或断开的几何。")
            if height_estimate > 1e-9 and new_diameter > height_estimate * 3.0:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("目标凸台直径超过圆柱面估算高度的 3 倍，几何比例异常。")
            elif height_estimate > 1e-9 and new_diameter > height_estimate * 1.5:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
                warnings.append("目标凸台直径明显大于圆柱面估算高度，请确认单位。")

    if blockers:
        status = "blocked"
        risk = "blocked"
    elif risk in {"medium", "high"}:
        status = "caution"

    if not warnings and not blockers:
        note = "可以尝试调整圆柱凸台直径。"
    else:
        note = " ".join(blockers + warnings)
    return {
        "boss_resize_status": status,
        "boss_resize_risk": risk,
        "boss_resize_warnings": "；".join(warnings),
        "boss_resize_blockers": "；".join(blockers),
        "boss_resize_note": note,
    }


def _cylinder_depth_readiness(
    info: dict[str, object],
    target_depth: float | None = None,
) -> dict[str, object]:
    risk = "low"
    status = "ready"
    warnings: list[str] = []
    blockers: list[str] = []
    guess = str(info.get("feature_guess", "cylindrical face"))
    confidence = str(info.get("confidence", "low"))
    angular_span = float(info.get("angular_span", 0.0))
    end_type = str(info.get("cylinder_end_type", "unknown"))
    current_depth = float(info.get("hole_depth_estimate", 0.0))

    if guess != "hole/groove candidate":
        blockers.append("孔深调整第一版只支持孔/槽候选，不支持圆角、凸柱或未明确圆柱面。")
    if end_type != "blind":
        blockers.append("孔深调整第一版只支持端部类型为 blind 的盲孔/盲槽。")
    if current_depth <= 1e-9:
        blockers.append("当前圆柱面没有可靠的深度估算。")

    if guess == "hole/groove candidate" and confidence == "low":
        risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
        warnings.append("孔/槽判断置信度较低。")
    if guess == "hole/groove candidate" and angular_span < math.tau * 0.92:
        risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
        warnings.append("这是局部圆柱面，更像槽或半孔，孔深调整会按局部槽处理。")

    if target_depth is not None:
        if target_depth <= 0:
            blockers.append("目标深度必须大于 0。")
        elif current_depth > 1e-9 and abs(target_depth - current_depth) <= max(current_depth * 1e-5, 1e-6):
            blockers.append("目标深度与当前深度几乎相同，不需要修改。")
        elif current_depth > 1e-9:
            delta_ratio = abs(target_depth - current_depth) / current_depth
            if delta_ratio > 1.0:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("目标深度变化超过当前深度的 100%，很可能导致贯穿、误切或布尔失败。")
            elif delta_ratio > 0.35:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
                warnings.append("目标深度变化超过当前深度的 35%，请确认预览范围。")

            if target_depth < current_depth * 0.08:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("目标深度非常浅，补料后可能生成很薄的局部面。")

    if blockers:
        status = "blocked"
        risk = "blocked"
    elif risk in {"medium", "high"}:
        status = "caution"

    if not warnings and not blockers:
        note = "可以尝试调整盲孔深度。"
    else:
        note = " ".join(blockers + warnings)
    return {
        "depth_status": status,
        "depth_risk": risk,
        "depth_warnings": "；".join(warnings),
        "depth_blockers": "；".join(blockers),
        "depth_note": note,
    }


def _cylinder_suppress_readiness(info: dict[str, object]) -> dict[str, object]:
    risk = "low"
    status = "ready"
    warnings: list[str] = []
    blockers: list[str] = []
    guess = str(info.get("feature_guess", "cylindrical face"))
    confidence = str(info.get("confidence", "low"))
    angular_span = float(info.get("angular_span", 0.0))
    end_type = str(info.get("cylinder_end_type", "unknown"))
    height = float(info.get("height_estimate", 0.0))
    diameter = float(info.get("diameter", 0.0))

    if guess != "hole/groove candidate":
        blockers.append("封堵圆柱孔第一版只支持孔候选，不支持圆角、凸柱或未明确圆柱面。")
    if angular_span < math.tau * 0.92:
        blockers.append("封堵圆柱孔第一版只支持接近完整圆柱的孔，不支持半孔/槽。")
    if end_type == "closed/internal":
        blockers.append("当前圆柱两端都像在材料内部，不像可封堵的外部孔。")
    if height <= 1e-9 or diameter <= 1e-9:
        blockers.append("当前圆柱孔的直径或高度估算无效。")

    if guess == "hole/groove candidate" and confidence != "high":
        risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
        warnings.append("孔判断置信度不是 high，封堵后请重点检查结果。")
    if end_type not in {"blind", "through/open-ended"}:
        risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
        warnings.append("孔端部类型不明确，补料范围可能不是期望的孔范围。")

    if blockers:
        status = "blocked"
        risk = "blocked"
    elif risk in {"medium", "high"}:
        status = "caution"

    if not warnings and not blockers:
        note = "可以尝试封堵该圆柱孔。"
    else:
        note = " ".join(blockers + warnings)
    return {
        "suppress_status": status,
        "suppress_risk": risk,
        "suppress_warnings": "；".join(warnings),
        "suppress_blockers": "；".join(blockers),
        "suppress_note": note,
    }


def _edge_fillet_readiness(
    info: dict[str, object],
    radius: float | None = None,
) -> dict[str, object]:
    risk = "medium"
    status = "caution"
    warnings: list[str] = ["STEP 没有建模历史，边倒圆依赖当前 B-Rep 拓扑，部分边可能被 OCCT 拒绝。"]
    blockers: list[str] = []
    curve = str(info.get("curve", ""))
    length = float(info.get("length", 0.0))
    adjacent_count = int(info.get("adjacent_face_count", 0))

    if curve != "line":
        blockers.append("添加圆角第一版只支持直线 edge。")
    if length <= 1e-9:
        blockers.append("当前 edge 长度无效。")
    if adjacent_count < 2:
        blockers.append("当前 edge 没有检测到至少两个相邻 face，不能可靠添加圆角。")
    elif adjacent_count > 2:
        risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
        warnings.append(f"当前 edge 相邻 face 数为 {adjacent_count}，可能是复杂交汇边。")

    if radius is not None:
        if radius <= 0:
            blockers.append("圆角半径必须大于 0。")
        elif length > 1e-9:
            ratio = radius / length
            if ratio >= 0.45:
                blockers.append("圆角半径接近或超过 edge 长度的一半，第一版直接阻止。")
            elif ratio > 0.25:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("圆角半径超过 edge 长度的 25%，很容易导致倒圆失败。")
            elif ratio > 0.12:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
                warnings.append("圆角半径相对 edge 长度偏大，请确认预览范围。")

    if blockers:
        status = "blocked"
        risk = "blocked"
    elif risk in {"medium", "high"}:
        status = "caution"

    if not warnings and not blockers:
        note = "可以尝试给该直线边添加圆角。"
    else:
        note = " ".join(blockers + warnings)
    return {
        "fillet_status": status,
        "fillet_risk": risk,
        "fillet_warnings": "；".join(warnings),
        "fillet_blockers": "；".join(blockers),
        "fillet_note": note,
    }


def _edge_chamfer_readiness(
    info: dict[str, object],
    distance: float | None = None,
) -> dict[str, object]:
    risk = "medium"
    status = "caution"
    warnings: list[str] = ["STEP 没有建模历史，边倒角依赖当前 B-Rep 拓扑，部分边可能被 OCCT 拒绝。"]
    blockers: list[str] = []
    curve = str(info.get("curve", ""))
    length = float(info.get("length", 0.0))
    adjacent_count = int(info.get("adjacent_face_count", 0))

    if curve != "line":
        blockers.append("添加倒角第一版只支持直线 edge。")
    if length <= 1e-9:
        blockers.append("当前 edge 长度无效。")
    if adjacent_count < 2:
        blockers.append("当前 edge 没有检测到至少两个相邻 face，不能可靠添加倒角。")
    elif adjacent_count > 2:
        risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
        warnings.append(f"当前 edge 相邻 face 数为 {adjacent_count}，可能是复杂交汇边。")

    if distance is not None:
        if distance <= 0:
            blockers.append("倒角距离必须大于 0。")
        elif length > 1e-9:
            ratio = distance / length
            if ratio >= 0.45:
                blockers.append("倒角距离接近或超过 edge 长度的一半，第一版直接阻止。")
            elif ratio > 0.25:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "high")
                warnings.append("倒角距离超过 edge 长度的 25%，很容易导致倒角失败。")
            elif ratio > 0.12:
                risk = _max_risk(risk, "medium")
                warnings.append("倒角距离相对 edge 长度偏大，请确认预览范围。")

    if blockers:
        status = "blocked"
        risk = "blocked"
    elif risk in {"medium", "high"}:
        status = "caution"

    if not warnings and not blockers:
        note = "可以尝试给该直线边添加倒角。"
    else:
        note = " ".join(blockers + warnings)
    return {
        "chamfer_status": status,
        "chamfer_risk": risk,
        "chamfer_warnings": "；".join(warnings),
        "chamfer_blockers": "；".join(blockers),
        "chamfer_note": note,
    }


def _max_risk(current: str, candidate: str) -> str:
    levels = {"low": 0, "medium": 1, "high": 2, "blocked": 3}
    return candidate if levels[candidate] > levels[current] else current


def _resize_mode(current_diameter: float, target_diameter: float) -> str:
    return "enlarge" if target_diameter > current_diameter else "shrink"


def _join_nonempty(*values: object) -> str:
    return "；".join(str(value) for value in values if value not in {"", None})


def _int_values(value: object) -> list[int]:
    if value is None or value == "":
        return []
    if isinstance(value, int):
        return [value]
    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple, set)):
        result: list[int] = []
        for item in value:
            try:
                result.append(int(item))
            except (TypeError, ValueError):
                continue
        return result
    return []


def _dir_tuple(direction) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
    return (direction.X(), direction.Y(), direction.Z())


def _oriented_dir_tuple(direction, shape: TopoDS_Shape) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
    values = _dir_tuple(direction)
    if shape.Orientation() == TopAbs_REVERSED:
        return (-values[0], -values[1], -values[2])
    return values


def _neg_tuple(values: tuple[float, float, float]) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
    return (-values[0], -values[1], -values[2])


def _point_tuple(point) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
    return (point.X(), point.Y(), point.Z())


def _point_on_axis(axis_point: gp_Pnt, direction, parameter: float) -> gp_Pnt:
    return gp_Pnt(
        axis_point.X() + direction.X() * parameter,
        axis_point.Y() + direction.Y() * parameter,
        axis_point.Z() + direction.Z() * parameter,
    )


def _direction_dot(left, right) -> float:
    return left.X() * right.X() + left.Y() * right.Y() + left.Z() * right.Z()


def _axis_parameter(axis_point: gp_Pnt, direction, point: gp_Pnt) -> float:
    return (
        (point.X() - axis_point.X()) * direction.X()
        + (point.Y() - axis_point.Y()) * direction.Y()
        + (point.Z() - axis_point.Z()) * direction.Z()
    )


def _point_axis_distance(axis_point: gp_Pnt, direction, point: gp_Pnt) -> float:
    projected = _point_on_axis(axis_point, direction, _axis_parameter(axis_point, direction, point))
    return _vec_from_points(projected, point).Magnitude()


def _shape_axis_parameters(shape: TopoDS_Shape, axis_point: gp_Pnt, direction) -> list[float]:
    parameters: list[float] = []
    try:
        for vertex in TopologyExplorer(shape, ignore_orientation=True).vertices():
            point = BRep_Tool.Pnt(topods.Vertex(vertex))
            parameters.append(_axis_parameter(axis_point, direction, point))
    except Exception:
        parameters.clear()
    try:
        parameters.append(_axis_parameter(axis_point, direction, _surface_center(shape)))
    except Exception:
        pass
    return parameters


def _surface_center(shape: TopoDS_Shape) -> gp_Pnt:
    props = GProp_GProps()
    brepgprop.SurfaceProperties(shape, props)
    return props.CentreOfMass()


def _orientation_name(orientation) -> str:
    return ORIENTATION_TYPES.get(orientation, f"type {orientation}")


def _format_tuple(values: tuple[float, float, float]) -> str:
    return "(" + ", ".join(f"{float(value):.6g}" for value in values) + ")"


def _vec_from_points(a: gp_Pnt, b: gp_Pnt) -> gp_Vec:
    return gp_Vec(b.X() - a.X(), b.Y() - a.Y(), b.Z() - a.Z())


def _point_distance_sq(
    point: tuple[float, float, float],
    target: tuple[float, float, float],
) -> float:
    dx = point[0] - target[0]
    dy = point[1] - target[1]
    dz = point[2] - target[2]
    return dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz


def _point_segment_distance_sq(
    point: tuple[float, float, float],
    start: tuple[float, float, float],
    end: tuple[float, float, float],
) -> float:
    vx = end[0] - start[0]
    vy = end[1] - start[1]
    vz = end[2] - start[2]
    wx = point[0] - start[0]
    wy = point[1] - start[1]
    wz = point[2] - start[2]
    length_sq = vx * vx + vy * vy + vz * vz
    if length_sq <= 1e-18:
        return _point_distance_sq(point, start)
    t = (wx * vx + wy * vy + wz * vz) / length_sq
    t = max(0.0, min(1.0, t))
    projection = (start[0] + t * vx, start[1] + t * vy, start[2] + t * vz)
    return _point_distance_sq(point, projection)


def _dot(vec: gp_Vec, direction) -> float:
    return vec.X() * direction.X() + vec.Y() * direction.Y() + vec.Z() * direction.Z()